基于多基线GPS舰船姿态测量系统研究

利用GPS对载体姿态进行测量是GPS应用的一个新领域。文章针对如何利用GPS载波相位信号实现舰船姿态测量进行了研究,并在此基础上进行了实验验证,测试结果表明该系统性能良好。     

水下多目标跟踪的网络层次决策方法

水下多目标跟踪逻辑与决策是水下航行器多目标跟踪中需解决的技术难点．目前用于水下多目标跟踪决策的方法都假设各个决策因素相互独立,而实际上水下多目标跟踪决策的因素之间存在着相互影响．本文根据这一特点,建立了水下多目标跟踪决策的指标集和相应的ANP决策模型,提出了基于ANP的水下多目标跟踪逻辑与决策方法．该方法将水下多目标跟踪决策的指标集纳入网络层次结构模型,并通过模型解算得到优化的多目标跟踪决策,具有决策结果比现有方法更加合理、稳健的特点．仿真结果表明该方法是在多目标跟踪决策因素之间存在相互影响情况下解决水下多目标跟踪逻辑与决策问题的有效方法．     

遗传算法在船舶电缆布局优化设计中的应用研究

船舶电缆布局优化是实现船舶布线自动化的一项技术难题,这一问题的解决可节省大量电缆布局设计的时间和费用。建立优化模型,并对传统遗传算法中初始种群的产生方法、选择算子及变异算子进行改进,增加检测操作,从而构造求解该模型的改进遗传算法。仿真结果表明,该算法是一种具有全局寻优能力的布局优化方法,具有高效性、实用性,并可扩展于解决船舶设计中的其它优化问题。     

潜艇作战系统战位复用技术初探

潜艇作战系统战位复用设计是潜艇作战系统在操控一体化方面的重要体现。战位复用技术有以下一些优点：减少艇员配置;提高潜艇作战系统可靠性;动态扩展作战系统功能;有利于整个潜艇作战系统的维护。描述潜艇作战系统战位复用的内涵,分析潜艇作战系统采用战位复用的必要性。根据潜艇作战系统的典型战位设置,提出未来新型潜艇作战系统战位设置的设想及实现思路。最后分析潜艇作战系统战位复用技术带来的效益。     

Air pollution history elucidated from anthropogenic spherules and their magnetic signatures in marine sediments offshore of Southwestern Taiwan

Kaohsiung City and its neighborhood in the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan have suffered serious air pollution since the region became the largest center for heavy-industry on the island. In order to unravel the air pollution history of the region, four ²¹⁰Pb- and ¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment box cores recovered in 2006 from offshore of this area were chosen for magnetic and petrographic analyses. The data were used to distinguish changes in concentration, composition and grain size of magnetic particles in the sediments due to inputs of anthropogenic magnetic spherules. Sedimentation rates have been reasonably constant for the last one hundred years, except at the core tops which were affected by a turbidite layer induced by a typhoon in 2005. Down-core profiles of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) are similar among the cores, and reflect similar trends to magnetic spherule counts. This reveals that χ and SIRM of modern marine sediments can be used as air pollution indicators for nearby industrialized upwind areas. The studied record indicates that industrialization of the area was gradual during 1950–1980 and boomed afterward, resulting in a high production of airborne magnetic spherules, which is consistent with evidence for poor air quality at that time. Optical and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) surveys of magnetic extracts indicate that the magnetic spherules have grain sizes ranging from a few micrometers up to 50 μm and consist mainly of iron oxides with variable Si, Al, and Ca contents. X-ray diffraction analysis on magnetic extracts from different depths in the cores further indicates that magnetite and pyrrhotite, which are derived from terrigenous detritus, form the magnetic constituents of the sediments before the area was industrialized. In contrast, during the industrial boom, anthropogenic magnetite and hematite spherules became the dominant magnetic particles in the sediments. Down-core profiles of hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) below the turbidite layer also reveal similar trends to the corresponding magnetic spherule counts, which indicate that the concentration of hematite in the sediments is also closely related to the extent of air pollution. In addition, relatively low values of χ_ARM/χ, which are indicative of coarse magnetic grains, started to occur when large magnetite spherules became significant during the industrialized period. The air pollution history elucidated from our sediment core data not only reflects the development of Kaohsiung from a small village to a highly industrialized metropolitan area in the 20th century, but it is also consistent with the most recent air pollution trends revealed by real time air quality measurements of PM₁₀. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of magnetic parameters for delineating the air pollution history of coastal marine sediments down-wind of nearby industrialized regions.     

Analysis of velocity fluctuations and their intermittency properties in the surf zone using empirical mode decomposition

We consider here surf zone turbulence measurements, recorded in the Eastern English Channel using a sonic anemometer. In order to characterize the intermittent properties of their fluctuations at many time scales, we analyze the experimental time series using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method. The series is decomposed into a sum of modes, each one narrow-banded, and we show that some modes are associated with the energy containing wave breaking scales, and other modes are associated with small-scale intermittent fluctuations. We use the EMD approach in association with a newly developed method based on Hilbert spectral analysis, representing the probability density function in an amplitude–frequency space. We then characterize the fluctuations in a stochastic framework using a cumulant generating function for all scales, and compare the results obtained from direct and classical structure function analysis, to EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis results, showing that the former method saturates at large scales, whereas the latter method is more precise in its scale approach. These results show the strength of the new EMD–Hilbert spectral analysis method for data presenting a strong forcing such as found in shallow water, wave dominated situations.     

长江中小航运企业现状及发展对策

为促进长江中小航运企业的科学发展,阐述长江中小航运企业现状,对企业内部因素和外部环境2方面存在的问题进行分析,提出若干对策：推进企业重组和内部组织调整,提高市场竞争力;改善中小航运企业外部环境,拓宽企业融资渠道,加强信息和政策引导服务,规范市场秩序。     

浅水铺管船自动喷水灭火系统设计

就浅水铺管船自动喷淋水灭火系统的工作原理、系统的分区、喷头的布置等作简要介绍;同时对喷淋系统主要设备参数进行计算,为设备选型提供依据。     

盾构施工筹划原则及影响因素分析

以北京地铁4号线11合同段(灵境胡同-新街口)四站三区间的盾构施工筹划为例,重点分析影响盾构施工筹划的因素;以方案比较的方法,介绍了确定三区间总体筹划方案的详细过程.     

Analysis on the Effects of Overloading on the Mechanical Properties of Tunnel Structures in the Silty Ground --A Case Study of Sutong River-crossing GIL Utility Tunnel北大核心CSCD

Based on the Sutong GIL utility tunnel project, which is constructed by the shield machine under the river, and as for the overloading problem at the river bank slope during operating period, the refined threedimensional finite element model was established to study the deformation and cracking characteristics of the tunnel segment structure under different forms of overloading. The evolution laws of section convergence, joint opening and structural stress were analyzed, and the structure damage mechanisms were revealed under conditions of large area loading and local loading. The surface-surcharge control standard was proposed. For the big diameter shield tunneling crossing the silty clay, the research results show that: (1) the deformation failure process is divided into three stages under large area loading condition, taking the design load and compressive yield of rebars inside haunch as the critical points respectively. The first stage is characterized by the elastic stress, the second stage is in plastic state with fracture, and the third stage is accelerating deformation and instability stage. The vertical convergence is 110.5 mm with no opening of joints when rebars are yielded; (2)the deformation failure process under local loading condition is also divided into elasticity, plasticity and instability stages, taking the design load and tensile yield of rebars outside haunch as the critical points respectively. The vertical convergence is 152.6 mm with joint opening of 4.36 mm; (3) the early-warning values of additional stress on the ground under conditions of large area loading and local loading are 110 kPa and 70 kPa respectively. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.