磁控反应溅射制备Ta—N薄膜的显微组织与畸变分析

利用直流磁控反应溅射技术制备了Ｔａ－Ｎ薄膜。利用ＴＥＭ、ＸＲＤ研究了薄膜显微组织及结构。研究结果，薄膜晶粒细小，可达到１０ｎｍ；在一定工艺条件下制备的Ｔａ－Ｎ薄膜为多相共存结构；磁控反应溅射制备Ｔａ－Ｎ薄膜，沉积压力对薄膜晶粒的显微畸变影响较大，沉积压力降低，晶粒显微畸变增加，导致薄膜中产生较大的微观应力。     

水上交通事故模式的研究

文中提出采用数据仓库技术搭建水上交通事故(事件)管理、分析信息平台，利用数据挖掘技术自动描述、寻找事故数据背后有价值的的模式和知识．实例给出1995～2000年期间长江水域的船舶事故(事件)历史数据库的构建，通过重特大恶性碰撞事故案例的数据挖掘，量化提取事故特征，并利用广义线性模型对船舶碰桥事故建立概率预测模型，为科学组织管理长江水上交通提供理论依据．     

黑腹果蝇梳理行为谱及行为序列研究

目的构建黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)的梳理行为谱并研究其行为序列。方法使用集中个体取样法和扫描取样法观察记录目标动物的行为,Ethom软件处理数据。结果黑腹果蝇梳理行为共计15种,且具特定的行为序列:前足参与的梳理行为很少与后足参与的梳理行为产生联系,当梳理前翅时,果蝇会趋向于继续梳理前翅或转向梳理身体后部;而当梳理身体后部时,果蝇会趋向于继续梳理身体后部或转向梳理前翅而不会趋向于梳理身体前部。去翅后梳理行为组成及行为序列均未改变。结论果蝇的梳理行为是一种先天定型行为,各梳理行为之间非随机出现,具有特定的时间序列。     

基于GPS,ARPA和陀螺罗经信息开发船舶自动避碰模型及其仿真

迄今为止，元人驾驶船舶沿计划航向航行以及与相遇船舶避碰的问题未能令人满意地加以解决．解决该问题的核心在于建立一个既能体现《1972年国际海上避碰规则》的原则，叉符合海员通常做法，且能为航海人员和专家所接受的知识库．文中提出了一个可用于构建这种知识库的“船舶自动避碰模型”，并提出相关算法，对该模型进行编程仿真．分析仿真结果证明了该模型的可行性和有效性．     

夏季中国海海流系统的高分辨率数值模拟

以最新的三维斜压海洋模式POM2K为基础，考虑了海底地形、边界水交换、海面风应力、海面热通量等多方面影响后，对中国海(渤、黄、东、南海)环流结构进行了高分辨率的数值模拟．结果显示：中国海的夏季环流在强季风强迫和黑潮驱动下，具有显著的西边界流特性；中国陆架海北部受黄海冷水团控制；黑潮在巴士海峡处有反气旋式弯曲，并与东北向的南海风生流发生较强的混合，形成的“巴士海峡混和水”是偏西向流和台湾暖流的海水源和重要驱动因子；南海北部存在一个拐角式逆时针旋涡；南海南部呈现双涡结构．     

脉冲功率超级电容储能系统容量计算方法

为满足高功率、快速充放电应用场合对供电电源的要求,本文基于超级电容器的串并联,设计了一套大容量脉冲功率储能系统。从装置对能量和功率两方面的特殊需求展开分析和计算,提出了快速确定电容单体连接方式及求取系统总电容值的算法,在此基础上搭建了储能系统的等效电路模型,结合实际负载功率对储能系统的放电特性进行了分析和预测,仿真结果证明了该设计方案的有效性与可行性。     

质子交换膜燃料电池电化学建模及仿真

从热力学和动力学理论出发,对燃料电池的工作原理进行研究。通过对活化极化、浓差极化、欧姆极化的数学描述,建立电化学仿真模型。结合试验数据,辨识模型中的参数,并用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真平台对质子交换膜燃料电池进行仿真分析。结果表明:仿真结果与实验数据比较吻合,模型具有良好的稳态性能,能够有效应用于燃料电池系统理论和技术研究。     

The association between transit access and auto ownership: evidence from Guangzhou,China

In many developing countries, massive investment in transit infrastructure is concurrent with the proliferation of automobiles. Planners expect that investment can slow the growth of auto ownership. However, few studies have examined the relationships between transit access and auto ownership in developing countries, whereas research in developed countries offers mixed findings and the outcomes may not be applicable to developing countries. This study employs a random effect ordered probit model on data collected from Guangzhou residents in 2011–2012. We find that transit access is negatively associated with auto ownership, after controlling for demographics and other built environment variables. This result suggests that, although income is the dominant driver for auto ownership in growing developing countries, transit investment is a promising strategy to slow the growth of auto ownership. This study also highlights the importance of addressing spatial dependency in clustered data.     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速公路清障救援资源需求预测综述

清障救援资源是高速公路缓拥堵保畅通的重要保障,对维护路网运营安全具有重要意义.本文在梳理了国内外道路清障救援资源需求分析方法的基础上,分析了目前研究所取得成果与不足,并提出了相应的研究展望.