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11.
Gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, which constitutes a major industrial reduction fishery in the USA, spawn across the northern Gulf of Mexico with a focus of spawning about the Mississippi Delta. This species is estuarine dependent; adults spawn over the continental shelf and their larvae are transported, by mechanisms that are presently not well understood, to estuarine nursery areas. Larval gulf menhaden, along with some other surface oriented larval fishes, appear to aggregate along the Mississippi River plume front, while evidence of the ecological consequences of this aggregation in terms of the feeding, growth, and survival of larvae is ambiguous. On an annual scale, Mississippi River discharge is negatively associated with numbers of half year old recruits. Discharge of the Mississippi River and the population recruitment of gulf menhaden may be plausibly linked through the action of the river's plume and its front on the shoreward transport of larvae. Greater river discharge results in an expansive plume that might project larvae farther offshore and prolong the shoreward transport of larvae. An indirect, decadal scale, positive response of recruitment and river discharge is possible, but not certain. Recruitment became elevated after 1975 when river discharge increased and became highly variable. This response might owe to enhanced primary and secondary production driven by nutrient influx from the Mississippi River. 相似文献
12.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional Green-Naghdi (GN) models equipped with a numerical wave-absorbing beach have been developed to simulate nonlinear, regular, and irregular wave propagation. The numerical beach is introduced near the downstream boundary to absorb outgoing waves. An appropriate amount of numerical damping and an appropriate length of numerical beach are investigated using numerical experiments. The results show that the GN models with a numerical beach work very well in simulating wave propagation in water in a small computational domain. 相似文献
13.
Brian J. Thomas 《Maritime Policy and Management》1995,22(3):239-253
Overmanning and restrictive labour practices are major causes of low productivity in Indian ports. Proposals are put forward for a programme of reforms to support investment in modern cargo handling systems. 相似文献
14.
Basic Analytical Study of Pantograph-catenary System Dynamics 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
T.X. Wu M.J. Brennan 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1998,30(6):443-456
For a high speed electrical rail system, good dynamic performance of the pantograph-catenary system is vital for smooth and continuous current collection. It has been known for many years that to achieve this the head of the pantograph should be made as light as possible and the average stiffness of the catenary should be high. These conclusions, however, have been reached by numerical modelling and operational experience. In this paper the pantograph-catenary system is modelled as a time-varying, single degree-of-freedom system to facilitate an analytical investigation of the system dynamics. Although the model is very simple, it allows physical insight into the dynamic behaviour of the system, and because the excitation is parametric it also allows the stability of the system to be investigated. The finite element method is used to determine the catenary characteristics and Floquet theory is used to analyse the behaviour of the coupled system. 相似文献
15.
A linear theory for the physical fields in the water column under the action of large amplitude internal lee waves at the main sill of the Strait of Gibraltar is developed. The procedure is a combination of the perturbation and normal modes methods in order to study steady resonant conditions. The lowest order linear approach of the methodology resumes the Taylor–Goldstein equation, which can reconstruct the main features of the observed fields but the high order approach gives the finest structure and sometimes the largest contributions. The role of the non-linear terms is investigated up to the second order taking into account the non-linear interactions between modes, leading to an effective reconstruction of the whole water column for the velocity field. 相似文献
16.
17.
The work described was undertaken as part of the CASSIOPE project in the EC DRIVE programme. A range of fare collection procedures in public transport is described, and the importance of these for data collection by operators is stressed. It is suggested that such data management could be standardized and to this end four case studies were carried out in different European cities. Data models were built for each city, and these models are merged into a preliminary version of a generalized model. The need and uses for such a fare collection data model is explained. 相似文献
18.
石冰 《西安交通大学学报(英文版)》1995,(2)
SLENIUMFROMBEEFISHIGHLYBIOAVAILABLEASASSESSEDBYLIVERGLUTATHIONEPEROXIDASE(E.1.1.9)ACTIVITYANDTISSUE SELENIUMShiBing;J.E.Spall... 相似文献
19.
J. A. Sparenberg 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》1997,2(2):53-61
The axial force induced on a duct (duct thrust) which surrounds a propulsor is, by means of an energy conservation argument,
expressed in terms of the thrust and power of the propulsor and the kinetic energy losses per unit of time of the propulsor
and the duct. Emphasis is put on the linear theory of an axisymmetric ducted actuator disk, where it is shown that the work
done by the duct thrust is equal to the extra work done by the actuator disk when it is surrounded by the duct. This simplified
model gives more insight into the interaction between the propeller and the duct and on the limits of linearization. 相似文献
20.
Distributions of the radionuclides 210Pb and 239,240Pu in sediment cores from the Northeast Water Polynya, Greenland, showed that these nuclides reached depths of 5–15 cm by particle mixing and sediment accumulation. End-member average values of the particle mixing coefficient and sediment accumulation rate were 0.13 cm2 y−1 and 0.06 cm y−1, obtained from the 210Pb profiles by assuming that each process is dominant relative to the other. Both 210Pb and 239,240Pu were measured on four cores; using the Pu data to constrain mixing rates produced corrected sediment accumulation rates that were 20–80% of the values calculated by neglecting mixing. Organic carbon burial in the polynya sediments was ≤0.4 mmol m−2 d−1, based on measured POC values at depth in the sediments and sediment accumulation rates corrected for mixing. This value is about 1% of the independently measured POC flux leaving the euphotic zone and compares with benthic carbon remineralization rates of 7% calculated by others from O2 uptake in the sediments.The inventories of excess 210Pb in the sediments ranged from 6 to 28 dpm cm−2. Relative to the atmospheric input of 210Pb and in situ production from decay of 226Ra, approximately 5 dpm cm−2 of 210Pb was being removed from the water column. The difference between the removal from the water column and sediment inventories suggests a net import of 210Pb to the polynya. This may occur by input of dissolved 210Pb from offshore waters or by input of 210Pb carried by sea ice. Particulate matter in land-derived fast ice adjacent to the polynya contained 330 ± 14 dpm of excess 210Pb g−1. If particles transported in sea ice are comparable to those extracted from fast ice, then sea ice transport into the polynya followed by melting may be an important source of excess 210Pb to the area. Fast ice also may contribute 210Pb if portions break off and melt within the polynya, as occurred in 1993. 相似文献