Modelling the impact of weather conditions on active transportation travel behaviour

Three weather sensitive models are used to explore the relationship between weather and home-based work trips within the City of Toronto, focusing on active modes of transportation. The data are restricted to non-captive commuters who have the option of selecting among five basic modes of auto driver, auto passenger, transit, bike and walk. Daily trip rates in various weather conditions are assessed. Overall, the results confirm that impact of weather on active modes of transportation is significant enough to deserve attention at the research, data collection and planning levels.     

软弱围岩隧道修建新方法——核心土加固变形控制法

2006年我国铁路系统相关施工单位开始接触变形控制法隧道施工技术,经过长达5年的基础理论学习研究与准备,在铁道部和兰渝铁路公司的支持下,2011年由中铁瑞威公司和意大利土力公司联合在兰渝铁路桃树坪隧道进行了中国首次隧道核心土加固变形控制法应用试验研究,并取得成功。文章通过工程实践,对桃树坪隧道的工程概况、地质问题、施工工艺、施工设备及核心土加固控制变形技术的应用效果作了较详细介绍。     

超大型油船新型防泥沙设计

压载舱中的泥沙不仅会对船舶双层底产生额外载荷,还会加速底部构件腐蚀,妨碍检查,而清除淤泥一直是令船东和船员们头痛的难题。文章主要介绍应用于超大型油船VLCC的4种新型防泥沙设计概念,并分析这些设计对船舶设计、审核和建造的影响,重点关注了防泥沙设计中涉及的船体梁设计载荷和局部强度。     

Identifying optimal data aggregation interval sizes for link and corridor travel time estimation and forecasting

With the recent increase in the deployment of ITS technologies in urban areas throughout the world, traffic management centers have the ability to obtain and archive large amounts of data on the traffic system. These data can be used to estimate current conditions and predict future conditions on the roadway network. A general solution methodology for identifying the optimal aggregation interval sizes for four scenarios is proposed in this article: (1) link travel time estimation, (2) corridor/route travel time estimation, (3) link travel time forecasting, and (4) corridor/route travel time forecasting. The methodology explicitly considers traffic dynamics and frequency of observations. A formulation based on mean square error (MSE) is developed for each of the scenarios and interpreted from a traffic flow perspective. The methodology for estimating the optimal aggregation size is based on (1) the tradeoff between the estimated mean square error of prediction and the variance of the predictor, (2) the differences between estimation and forecasting, and (3) the direct consideration of the correlation between link travel time for corridor/route estimation and forecasting. The proposed methods are demonstrated using travel time data from Houston, Texas, that were collected as part of the automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system of the Houston Transtar system. It was found that the optimal aggregation size is a function of the application and traffic condition.

The impact of climate change and weather on transport: An overview of empirical findings

This paper presents a survey of the empirical literature on the effects of climate change and weather conditions on the transport sector. Despite mixed evidence on many issues, several patterns can be observed. On a global scale especially shifts in tourism and agricultural production due to increased temperatures may lead to shifts in passenger and freight transport. The predicted rise in sea levels and the associated increase in frequency and intensity of storm surges and flooding incidences may furthermore be some of the most worrying consequences of climate change, especially for coastal areas. Climate change related shifts in weather patterns might also cause infrastructure disruptions. Clear patterns are that precipitation affects road safety by increasing accident frequency but decreasing severity. Precipitation also increases congestion, especially during peak hours. Furthermore, an increased frequency of low water levels may considerably increase costs of inland waterway transport. Despite these insights, the net impact of climate change on generalised costs of the various transport modes are uncertain and ambiguous, with a possible exception for inland waterway transport.     

Severity of injury resulting from pedestrian–vehicle crashes: What can we learn from examining the built environment?

This paper examines the impact of personal and environmental characteristics on severity of injuries sustained in pedestrian–vehicle crashes using a generalized ordered probit model. The data covers 2000–2004 of pedestrian–vehicle crashes taken from police incident reports for Baltimore City and supplemented with local land use, urban form and transportation information specific to the individual crash locations. The results on personal and behavioral variables confirm previous findings. Women pedestrians involved in crashes tend to be injured less frequently than their male counterparts; children have an increased likelihood of sustaining injuries and older persons are more likely to be fatally injured. Pedestrians who cross against the traffic signal, are not in a crosswalk and are involved in a crash after dark are associated with greater injury risk. Of the built environment policy variables of interest, transit access and greater pedestrian connectivity, such as central city areas, are significant and negatively associated with injury severity. These results suggest that the environmental conditions should be given more scrutiny and be an important consideration when evaluating and planning for pedestrian safety.     

新建航道下穿高铁桥梁时加固方案的变形控制*

为评估航道开挖下穿高铁桥梁时加固方案的变形控制效果,结合京杭运河二通道下穿沪昆高铁工程实例,采用三维有限元软件模拟分析航道围护结构施工、航道开挖、航道结构浇筑、航道通航等各阶段土体和结构的位移变形,对下穿施工过程中航道维护结构及桥墩的安全状态进行量化评价。结果表明,坚实的支护系统、分层开挖结合多次降水,可以避免较大土体沉陷并控制开挖引发的坑底隆起;加固方案也对既有结构起到了良好的保护作用,保证列车在施工期安全运行。     

串联混合动力汽车功率跟随控制模式的实现

以电动汽车仿真软件ADVISOR为基础,根据混合动力汽车的不同工况,分析和建立了串联混合动力电动汽车的一种控制模式——功率跟随控制模式。并且详细分析了功率跟随控制模式在ADVISOR软件中的实现方法。     

双闭环控制对Buck类变换器动态响应的影响

Buck类变换器最基本的控制方式包括单电压闭环控制以及电压电流双闭环控制.相较于单电压闭环控制,基于输出电压外环、电感电流内环的双闭环控制方式具有稳态性能好、动态响应速度快、抗干扰能力强等优势.本文从阻抗的角度揭示闭环控制对Buck类变换器动态响应特性的影响机理,并进行了比较分析.最后,通过仿真验证了本文提出的阻抗分析...     

水泥混凝土路面填缝材料的抗疲劳老化性能研究

采用热压冷拉循环试验模拟填缝材料在水泥混凝土路面上的应用状况,以测试填缝材料的抗疲劳老化性能。通过对比试验研究,得出以硅氧键为主链的有机硅填缝材料的抗疲劳老化性能优异,经热压冷拉后,粘结强度保持在95%以上,远高于国内目前普遍使用的聚氨酯、焦油型和芳油型填缝胶。此外还得到了一个最佳填缝工艺条件:深-宽比为2∶1。