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901.
Undesired lateral force inevitably exists in a MacPherson suspension system, which is liable to damper rod’s side wear and
promotes the damper’s inner friction decreasing the ride performance from the suspension system. Substituting a new side load
spring with curved centerline for the conventional coil spring has been proven able to solve these problems and Multi-body
Dynamics combining with Finite Elements Analysis may be an efficient method in optimizing its design. Therefore, taking a
passenger car as example, a detailed multi-body dynamics model for the suspension system is built to simulate forces exerted
on the damper and the minimization of its lateral component is selected as the design target for the spring. When the structure
optimization of the side load spring is performed using FEA software ANSYS, its vertical and lateral elastic characteristics,
supported by test data, are analyzed. After importing FEA results back to the suspension system, the dynamics simulation can
be performed to validate the optimization result. 相似文献
902.
Desired yaw rate and steering control method during cornering for a six-wheeled vehicle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. -J. An K. Yi G. Jung K. I. Lee Y. -W. Kim 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2008,9(2):173-181
This paper proposes a steering control method based on optimal control theory to improve the maneuverability of a six-wheeled
vehicle during cornering. The six-wheeled vehicle is believed to have better performance than a four-wheeled vehicle in terms
of its capability for crossing obstacles, off-road maneuvering and fail-safe handling when one or two of the tires are punctured.
Although many methods to improve the four-wheeled vehicle’s lateral stability have been studied and developed, there have
only been a few studies on the six-wheeled vehicle’s lateral stability. Some studies of the six-wheeled vehicle have been
reported recently, but they are related to the desired yaw rate of a four-wheeled vehicle to control the six-wheeled vehicle’s
maneuvering during corning. In this paper, the sideslip angle and yaw rate are controlled to improve the maneuverability during
cornering by independent control of the steering angles of the six wheels. The desired yaw rate that is suitable for a six-wheeled
vehicle is proposed as a control target. In addition, a scaled-down vehicle with six drive motors and six steering motors
that can be controlled independently is designed. The performance of the proposed control methods is verified using a full
model vehicle simulation and scaled-down vehicle experiment. 相似文献
903.
This paper is the second invstigation on the effect of fuel stratification on flame propagation. In the previous work, the
characteristics under the no port-generated swirl condition, i.e., the conventional case was studied. In this work, the flame
development under the low swirl condition was considered. For this purpose, the initial flame development and propagation
were visualized under different axially stratified states in a modified optical single cylinder SI engine. The images were
captured by an intensified CCD camera through the quartz window mounted in the piston. Stratification was controlled by the
combination of the port swirl ratio and injection timing. These were averaged and processed to characterize the flame propagation.
The flame stability was estimated by the weighted average of flame area and luminosity. The stability was also evaluated through
the standard deviation of flame area and propagation distance and through the mean absolute deviation of the propagating direction.
The results show that the flame-flow interaction determines the direction of flame propagation and that the governing roles
of the two factors vary according to the stratified state and the location in the cylinder. In addition, the flame development
and the initial flame stability are strongly dependent on the stratified conditions, and the initial flame stability is closely
related to the engine stability and lean misfire limit. Lastly, there is no essential difference in gasoline and CNG flame
propagation characteristics. 相似文献
904.
This paper proposes a new neuron control strategy for an active vehicle suspension system, with the emphasis on the study
of multivariable and uncertain suspension characteristics. The novelty of this strategy is in the use of integrated error,
which consists of multiple output errors in the regulated plant. By combining the integrated error approach with the traditional
neuron control (TNC), integrated error neuron control (IENC) is presented. It provides a direct control to the multiple outputs
of the control plant simultaneously. Taking a quarter-car model as an example, the proposed control strategy is applied and
comparative simulations are carried out with various vehicle parameters and road input conditions. Simulation results prove
the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed IENC method. In addition, the newly proposed neuron scheme provides a simple
yet efficient new possibility for the control of a class of uncertain multivariable systems similar to an active vehicle suspension. 相似文献
905.
The recursive component mode synthesis method (RCMS) has been implemented for the finite element analysis model of an automobile
structure as an efficient free vibration analysis tool. The RCMS method is intended to obtain a better performance relative
to the block Lanczos method, which is a traditional method in the industry of obtaining eigenvalues, while obtaining the acceptable
accuracy. A numerical example of the automobile finite element model demonstrates the outstanding performance of RCMS compared
to the block Lanczos method. 相似文献
906.
The impact of high-speed technology on railway demand 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper estimates a passenger railway demand function to analyse effects arising from the introduction and use of high-speed
technologies. The paper reports estimates of demand elasticities with respect to price, income, quality of service and a range
of exogenous characteristics. The results show that travel time savings from conventional high-speed technology have a larger
impact on passenger demand than tilting train technology. The introduction of conventional high-speed technology is associated
with an 8% increase in passenger railway demand. Increasing the use of either type of high-speed technology appears to induce
small positive effects on demand beyond those obtained from usual traffic density increases on non-high-speed existing technology.
Antonio Couto is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) at the University of Porto. He received his PhD from FEUP in 2005 having completed a thesis in railway transport economics. His research focuses on issues related to transport economics and infrastructures. Daniel J. Graham is a Reader in the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London. He specialises in the economics of transport, focusing in particular on modelling the implications of transport provision and accessibility for productivity and economic growth. 相似文献
Daniel J. Graham (Corresponding author)Email: |
Antonio Couto is an assistant professor in the Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) at the University of Porto. He received his PhD from FEUP in 2005 having completed a thesis in railway transport economics. His research focuses on issues related to transport economics and infrastructures. Daniel J. Graham is a Reader in the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London. He specialises in the economics of transport, focusing in particular on modelling the implications of transport provision and accessibility for productivity and economic growth. 相似文献
907.
Intelligent transportation systems have been promoted as a means to improve both the efficiency and safety of the road network. The effectiveness of advanced technologies in improving road safety has been an area of research which has thus far yielded mixed results. In order to ensure that advanced technologies deliver on their intended outcomes, more research has to be devoted to understanding road users' perceptions and reactions to these systems. This study examines drivers' perceptions of the use of dynamic message signs and their self‐reported reactions to the messages displayed. In general, drivers support the use of highway electronic boards for traffic incident reports and weather information which have an impact on traffic delays and level of service. They also think that it is a good idea to display road safety messages and to remind drivers to drive safely and be courteous on the roads. Moreover, most drivers reported that they do read and think about the messages displayed and react positively to some of the road safety messages. 相似文献
908.
Deconstructing development density: Quality, quantity and price effects on household non-work travel
Smart growth and transit-oriented development proponents advocate increasing the density of new land development and infill redevelopment. This is partly in order to reduce auto use, by reducing distances between trip origins and destinations, creating a more enjoyable walking environment, slowing down road travel, and increasing the market for transit. But research investigating how development density influences household travel has typically been inadequate to account for this complex set of hypotheses: it has used theoretically unjustified measures, has not accounted for spatial scale very well, and has not investigated potentially important combinations of measures. Using data from a survey of metropolitan households in California, measures of development density corresponding to the main hypotheses about how density affects travel—activity density affecting distance traveled, network load density affecting the speed of auto travel, and built form density affecting the quality of walking—are tested as independent variables in models of auto trip speed and individual non-work travel. Residential network load density is highly negatively correlated with the speed of driving, and is also highly correlated with non-work travel, both singly and in combination with other measures. Activity density and built form density are not as significantly related, on their own. These results suggest that denser development will not influence travel very much unless road level-of-service standards and parking requirements are reduced or eliminated. 相似文献
909.
Dimitrios A. Tsamboulas Anastasios Nikoleris 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2008,42(10):1274-1282
There are cases when passengers are willing to pay a premium to reduce the travel time, in particular when the trip has to be made. This paper aims to provide insight into factors that determine passengers’ willingness to pay to reduce travel time for their ground access to an airport. A methodology is developed that comprises two steps: the identification of the passengers with zero willingness to pay and from the rest the estimation of the additional price they are willing to pay to reduce their travel time. For the first step a Probit model was formulated and for the second a linear regression model. To this purpose, data has been collected employing stated preference from passengers at the Athens International Airport. It has been found that a high percentage of passengers have zero willingness to pay, and of the remaining ones those using public transport have a significant willingness to pay to reduce access travel time. The methodology and the models are structured in such a way that their transferability to any airport environment is possible, thus providing a useful tool for decisions relating to airport ground access measures. 相似文献
910.
Konstantinos G. Zografos Konstantinos N. Androutsopoulos Teemu Sihvola 《Transportation》2008,35(6):777-795
Flexible transport services include a wide range of demand responsive transport systems that provide non-conventional passenger
and freight transportation services. Several alternative business models varying according to the local market conditions,
the socio-economic, legal, and institutional framework may be developed for the provision of Flexible Transport Systems (FTS).
The objective of this paper is twofold: first to present an integrated methodological framework for developing and assessing
alternative FTS business models and second to demonstrate its applicability to a case study regarding the prioritization of
alternative FTS business models for the provision of flexible passenger transport services in Helsinki.
相似文献
Teemu SihvolaEmail: |