帆船设计与装备

如果你已经确定帆船是最佳选择,接下来就必须做出多种判断。在最开始确定何种帆船适合自己非常重要。帆船为适应这项运动的多个不同方面而设计——虽然可以购买一艘船专门用作帆船赛或是海上航行,但大多数船只的设计仍是二者的折衷,以便适应多种用途。重中之重是考虑船体形状和帆面积。     

Integrating Naval Aviation Maintenance Training with Sailors' Proficiency Qualification and Its Correlation with Improved Weapon System Readiness

A core role for human systems integration is providing support of weapon systems operational effectiveness with optimal human performance (HP). When applied to the readiness of an aviation squadron, this focus on enhanced operational HP translates into ensuring that highly trained and proficient maintenance technicians are resident in these warfighting units. A key objective of the Naval Aviation Enterprise (NAE) Total Force Readiness program is to bridge Core Capabilities to Missions. This is accomplished through the linking of Navy Mission Essential Task Lists (NMETLs) to Skill Sets and Performance Standards for its future workforce. These goals can be accomplished from Initial Development to Deployment of a weapons system through its operational and support phases of the Department of Defense acquisition process using a mission/task-centric approach to Manpower, Personnel, and Training (MPT) requirements, with NMETLs as the operational thread. This paper will describe a life-cycle MPT analytic environment with its task-level links to systems and human engineering disciplines. A systematic approach to accessing and training a proficient maintenance workforce is presented, focusing on task-based maintenance training solutions for optimal unit readiness and mission capabilities. An innovative analytic framework from various skills-based manpower analysis studies will be cited as a means to transform system and unit MPT performance for Total Force Readiness. Enhanced by a Qualified and Proficient Technician methodology, a capability (missions) and competency (proficient) future workforce with skills-efficient maintainers will be best suited to achieving optimal readiness of weapons systems within the NAE.     

Grounding Considerations for DC and Mixed DC and AC Power Systems

This paper treats ground faults in mixed DC and AC systems. Grounding methods affect common-mode voltage and circulating currents under normal conditions. Ground faults produce fault currents and systemwide offsets throughout the system with respect to ground. During ground fault transients, the aggregate bus-to-ground ground capacitance and inductance produce underdamped oscillatory overvoltages. Continuous operation under DC or AC offset affects component selection.     

Integrated Coastal Zone Management Law in the European Union

The achievement of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) in the European Union inevitably raises questions of law. Law has the potential to assist ICZM, but it also has the capacity to impede it. The European Demonstration Programme on ICZM has revealed considerable diversity within the 13 national legal systems governing the European Union (EU) coastal zone, but it has also shown a similarity of legal problems and has identified some examples of good practice. There are already provisions of European Community (EC) and international law that exert a unifying influence on aspects of coastal management in Europe. However the constitutional powers of the EU are limited by the legal principles of subsidiarity and proportionality, and any ICZM initiative must be consistent with these. The potential mechanisms available include a legally binding EC directive, but the European Com mission has instead preferred a nonbinding recommendation and strategic guidance. Each approach offers some practical advantages and disadvantages, but the success of any method will ultimately depend upon political will.     

Shoreline Management Plans and Coastal Cells in Scotland

Coastal sediment cells have been identified for the Scottish coast and, following the example of England and Wales, a trend is emerging towards the production of shoreline management plans (SMPs) for parts the Scottish coast. However, much of the Scottish coast does not have the degree of intracoastal sediment exchange that gives coastal sediment cells their integrity, and so a cell-based strategy for coastal management may not be a suitable response. This article examines the nature of the sediment cells in Scotland, questions whether the adoption of SMPs for all sections of the coastline is an appropriate management response, and suggests alternatives that may better link to integrated coastal zone management.