The influence of personality on acceptability of sustainable transport policies

Previous research has shown that fairness, infringement on freedom, and perceived effectiveness are determinants of transport pricing acceptability. In the present study we investigate determinants of acceptability of environmental (carbon) taxation for which trust in government and environmental concern are additional determinants. Carbon taxation is an extension of fuel taxes and may thus be viewed as transport pricing. Our main focus is on the role played by personality traits. Structural equation modeling reveals that acceptability is related to the personality traits extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Extraverted individuals have higher levels of trust in government which leads to higher acceptability. Also correlations between agreeableness and conscientiousness as well as environmental problem awareness and personal norm are observed. We discuss strategies for effective marketing of transportation policies considering how acceptability is related to personality traits.     

An experimental study of the effect of low-noise wheels in reducing noise and vibration

Wheel/rail interaction is a major source of railway noise. A low-noise wheel structure is developed and its effect on noise reduction is investigated. This low-noise wheel employs a rubber material inserted into the steel rim or mounted on the wheel surface. The low-noise wheel has low stiffness and a high-damping ratio compared to a solid wheel. Measurement shows that it reduces rolling and squealing. It turns out that a subway line with the proposed wheel could reduce its interior noise level by 4–5 dB(A) and vehicle vibration level by 7–8 dB. While the proposed structure seems promising in noise reduction for railway vehicles, the endurance and cost effectiveness of the low-noise wheel are yet to be verified.     

Analysis of a regenerative braking system for Hybrid Electric Vehicles using an Electro-Mechanical Brake

The regenerative braking system of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a key technology that can improve fuel efficiency by 20∼50%, depending on motor size. In the regenerative braking system, the electronically controlled brake subsystem that directs the braking forces into four wheels independently is indispensable. This technology is currently found in the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) and in Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC). As braking technologies progress toward brake-by-wire systems, the development of Electro-Mechanical Brake (EMB) systems will be very important in the improvement of both fuel consumption and vehicle safety. This paper investigates the modeling and simulation of EMB systems for HEVs. The HEV powertrain was modeled to include the internal combustion engine, electric motor, battery and transmission. The performance simulation for the regenerative braking system of the HEV was performed using MATLAB/Simulink. The control performance of the EMB system was evaluated via the simulation of the regenerative braking of the HEV during various driving conditions.     

Belt routing and safety assessment through computer simulation

Most of the research on safety belt systems has involved crash simulation that only considered a dynamic human model. However, belt routing analysis, usually known as comfort level estimation, is also an important factor in safety belt design, considering that serious injuries of the abdominal region result from the infiltration of a belt into the neck or the chest. Thus, safety belt evaluations using kinematic human models are also needed. In this paper, a belt fit simulation method is suggested. Using the proposed process, both comfort and safety analyses can be performed under the same conditions continuously, and thus the safety belt design parameters, such as the location of anchor points, dummy posture and etc., can be evaluated. In conclusion, this computer process enables a belt system design to reduce injuries.     

基于形态检测与深度学习的高空视频车辆识别

为了准确提取广域场景道路交通信息,本文融合形态检测与深度卷积网络,提出了无人机视频车辆定位及车型识别方法. 首先,基于形态检测建立候选目标提取算法,并构建了含244 520 个无人机视频车辆样本的深度学习图像基准库;然后,通过增加卷积层、池化层及调整网络参数等方法对AlexNet 进行重构,提出了改进模型AlexNet*;最后,建立了基于候选目标提取算法与AlexNet*的车辆识别方法. 验证分析显示：AlexNet*的图像分类F1 均值达 85.51% ,优于AlexNet(82.54% )、LeNet(63.88% )、CaffeNet(46.64% )、VGG16(16.67% ) 及 GoogLeNet(14.38%);本文车辆识别方法对小汽车及公交车的正检率、重检率和漏检率均值分别达94.63%、6.87%、4.40%,可有效识别无人机视频目标.     

复杂系泊系统静力特性快速计算方法研究

以一工作水深为375 m的转塔式浮式生产存储系统(FPSO)为例,研究了复杂系泊系统静力特性计算方法.基本思路是,首先计算出每种类型锚泊线的水平张力TH-水平跨距X曲线,以离散点的形式给出;然后依次给出上端系缆点水平移动距离,相应的计算每根锚泊线新的水平跨距,再根据这些新的水平跨距在对应的TH-X曲线中插值求出此时的每根锚泊线水平张力,将其向X轴正方向投影,合成后即得上端系缆点移动后的系泊系统X方向水平恢复力.对垂直方向的恢复力计算方法与此类似.计算结果与Dynfloat软件结果吻合得很好.此方法简单直观,容易理解,且耗时较少,比较适用于复杂系泊系统静力特性计算.     

液舱晃荡对船舶横摇运动影响的数值研究

为了研究加载液舱在船舶航行时舱内液体晃荡对船体横摇运动的影响,对船体外流场(波浪场)与液舱内流场(液体非线性晃荡)分别采用势流理论方法计算,建立了在波浪中船体与液舱流体晃荡耦合的时域运动方程。其中波浪中船体水动力和时延函数采用三维频域法和脉冲响应函数法计算获得,舱内液体非线性晃荡采用时域边界元法计算。对横浪中加载了方形液舱的15000GT集装箱船在不同液舱装载深度工况下,就液舱流体晃荡及其与船体运动耦合分别进行了计算模拟与验证。研究表明,耦合运动模拟结果能清晰地反映液舱晃荡对船体横摇运动的影响,数值结果与试验吻合良好,并具有较高的计算效率。     

基于线网全寿命成本控制目标的车辆基地资源共享研究

目前国内各城市都在开展或已经开展资源共享的研究,其中车辆基地资源共享是线网资源共享的重要组成部分。根据《地铁设计规范》规定,车辆基地是保证地铁正常运营的后勤基地。车辆基地的设计范围包括车辆段、综合维修中心、物资总库和培训中心以及必要的办公、生活设施等,是地铁正常运营所必需的设备和设施。通过广泛调研,目前国内大多数城市车辆基地资源共享研究还存在一定的不足,仅集中在车辆大、架修的资源共享,缺乏对车辆基地综合维修中心、物资库等全系统的资源共享研究。创新性地提出基于线网全寿命成本控制目标的车辆基地资源共享研究思路,以沈阳地铁线网车辆基地为例,提出资源共享方案。除大、架修资源共享外,进一步研究物资存储、综合维修、特种车辆等多方面的资源共享,此外,对车辆基地各个单体的配置提出一定的标准化指标。在充分调研国内其他城市地铁建设经验、运营经验以及不同城市车辆基地建设规模的基础上,最终得到沈阳地铁车辆大架修资源共享、物资共享、综合维修共享、特种车辆共享以及场段配置标准化5个方面的研究结论。便于指导沈阳及类似城市地铁在新一轮的建设规划中以及未来线网规划调整中更加合理地分配车辆基地的物资、人力、设备、用地。     

湿陷性黄土地基处理和路基填筑

湿陷性黄土是北方地区常见的一种工程地质。根据湿陷性黄土地基处理方法的具体应用以及路基填筑问题进行了阐述,对类似工程的施工具有指导意义。     

对计算机联锁一级维修中心工作的改进

按照铁道部运输局基础部分级分层维护管理的要求，研制单位建立的计算机联锁一级维修中心，是提供计算机联锁系统远程诊断及故障分析、系统设备的检测维护、设备备品备件供应和咨询、技术培训等项工作的服务机构，协助和指导下级维修中心的工作并对其相关技术人员进行培训。目前一级维修中心虽然已经全部建设完成，但还有许多不完善的地方，如维修人员的培训、备品备件的配备、应急预案的启动等等。为了更好地发挥计算机联锁一级维修中心的功能，必须在总结经验的基础上，改进中心的工作。