Viable combined cycle design for automotive applications

A relatively new approach for improving fuel economy and automotive engine performance involves the use of automotive combined cycle generation technologies. The combined cycle generation, a process widely used in existing power plants, has become a viable option for automotive applications due to advances in materials science, nanotechnology, and MEMS (Mico-Electro Mechanical Systems) devices. The waste heat generated from automotive engine exhaust and coolant is a feasible heat source for a combined cycle generation system, which is basically a Rankine cycle in the context of this study. However, there are still numerous technical issues that need to be solved before the technology can be implemented in automobiles. A simulation was performed to examine the amount of waste energy that could be recovered through the use of a combined cycle system. A simulation model of the Rankine cycle was developed using Cycle-Tempo software. The simulation model was ultimately used to evaluate the rate of waste heat recovery and the consequential increase in the overall thermal efficiency of the engine with the combined cycle generation system under typical engine operating conditions. The most effective automotive combined cycle system recovered 68% of the waste heat from the exhaust and coolant, resulting in a 6% improvement in engine efficiency. The results are expected to be beneficial for evaluating the feasibility of combined cycle generation systems in automotive applications.     

基于OpenFOAM的船舶与液舱流体晃荡在波浪中时域耦合运动的数值模拟

波浪中载液船舶运动激励舱内液体的晃荡,舱内液体晃荡产生的冲击力同时作用在舱壁上,进而影响船舶的运动姿态。波浪中船体水动力和时延函数是在势流理论范畴下采用切片法和脉冲响应函数方法计算获得的,液舱内液体非线性晃荡是基于粘性流理论实时计算模拟,两者耦合建立了波浪中载液船舶与液舱流体晃荡耦合的运动方程。论文基于开源CFD开发平台OpenFOAM,自主开发实现了船体运动与液舱晃荡的耦合计算程序,并进行了相应的数值模拟计算和验证工作。该方法完整地考虑了波浪、船体和液舱晃荡之间的耦合作用,并结合船体内外流场特点分别采用了势流和粘性流理论,具有较高的计算效率。通过数值模拟计算和模型实验研究表明,数值模拟计算能够清晰显现出液舱晃荡对船体全局运动影响,船体运动计算结果与模型实验结果吻合良好。     

护理专科毕业生基层就业意向及其影响因素分析

调查某省护理专科毕业生基层就业意向现状,并对其影响因素分析探讨。2019年5月至6月,采用便利抽样方法选取某省符合纳入标准的2 396名护理专科毕业生作为调查对象进行问卷调查。他们中大部分(56.64%)不愿意到基层医院从事护理工作,大多数会选择城市社区服务中心(60.77%);愿意到基层医院就业的最主要影响因素是目前就业形势所迫(32.01%),不愿意到基层医院就业的最主要影响因素是福利待遇低(29.76%),最需要改进的措施是基层医院要与省、市级医院薪酬待遇持平(30.22%)。护理专业专科毕业生基层医院就业意向偏低,需要学校加强基层医院及相关就业政策的宣传和教育指导,政府相关的政策支持也是非常必要的。     

Using the Ecopath with Ecosim Modeling Approach to Understand the Effects of Watershed-based Management Actions in Coastal Ecosystems

Resource managers are often tasked with identifying and assessing the potential impacts of management actions on the biotic communities under their care. When the management activities directly influence a single species of interest, managers can turn to a variety of models to aid in their understanding of potential changes to that population. However, as ecosystem-based management becomes more widely accepted, managers will have to understand how proposed actions will impact entire biotic communities, through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Thus, there is a need for ecosystem models that account for both trophic and non-trophic interactions, and that can be relatively easily used to assess a variety of management scenarios. We reviewed the available literature regarding incorporation of eutrophication and other anthropogenic impacts into Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE), one of the more widely used trophic ecosystem modeling frameworks. We found that a number of mechanisms of varying complexity have been used to include these stressors in models, providing managers with a suite of options that can be used to complement their existing management options as they seek to understand the impacts of human interactions on the natural environment.     

Effect of bed vicinity on vortex shedding and force coefficients of fluid flow on an offshore pipeline

The effect of rigid bed proximity on flow parameters and hydrodynamic loads in offshore pipelines exposed to turbulent flow is investigated numerically. The Galerkin finite volume method is employed to solve the unsteady incompressible 2D Navier–Stokes equations. The large eddy simulation turbulence model is solved using the artificial compressibility method and dual time-stepping approach. The proposed algorithm is developed for a wide range of turbulent flows with Reynolds numbers of 9500 to 1.5×10⁴. Evaluation of the developed numerical model shows that the proposed technique is capable of properly predicting hydrodynamic forces and simulating the flow pattern. The obtained results show that the lift and drag coefficients are strongly affected by the gap ratio. The mean drag coefficient slightly increases as the gap ratio increases, although the mean lift coefficient rapidly decreases. The vortex shedding suppression happen at the gap ratio of less than 0.2.     

Marine Protected Areas in the Canadian Pacific: Do They Fulfill Network Criteria?

As a signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada has committed to establishing a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) that effectively conserves at least 10% of coastal and marine areas by 2020. Research shows that the most effective MPAs are large, well enforced, no-take, and designed as part of a network. Canada's Pacific MPAs, designated site-by-site, cover approximately 3% of Canadian Pacific waters. We investigated how these MPAs could effectively contribute to Canada's national network by analyzing the implementation of management intent through the application of fisheries closures and conducting a preliminary assessment of their size and spacing relative to scientific guidelines. Fisheries closures outside of MPAs were similarly assessed. Results showed that 90% of existing MPAs were intended to exclude commercial fishing, yet only 2.5% fully or partially met this goal, therefore management intent was not achieved. Further, existing MPAs were small, 75% less than 10 km² in size, but were reasonably spaced, from one to 50 km apart. While a suite of fisheries closures may be better suited to effectively contribute to a network than MPAs without fisheries closures, they would require permanent designations and management plans to meet network inclusion criteria.     

汽车车身板料冲压成形分析与模拟

本文综述了车身板料冲压成形分析与模拟的产生，发展和基本方法，及其对优化冲压工艺过程，降低生产成本和缩短开发周期所起的重要作用，文中着重介绍了板料成形分析与模拟的基本数值方法－逐步更新Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ方法（Ｕ．Ｌ．法）以及关于车身覆盖件的数值例子，并指出了今后研究中值得强调和注意的一些问题。     

Stability Analysis of the Human Controlled Vehicle Moving Along a Curved Path

A method to study handling characteristics of a vehicle moving along a curved path is presented. A simple bicycle model and a feedback controller with proportional gain are used to simulate the vehicle and the driver. The lateral stability of the vehicle/driver system is analyzed by using the root locus method and numerical integration in the time domain. The effect of the curvature on the system stability is discussed in detail. A new suggestion is made for the look ahead distance to calculate the preview lateral error of the vehicle with respect to the center of the road. Interesting results are shown for some important parameters such as the gain factor, the vehicle speed and the curvature of the path. Possible extensions of the method to more general cases and other applications are discussed.     

非承载式车身正面碰撞的数值分析

本文阐述了整车数值分析的基本概念和步骤，对一具体车型进行了正面碰撞的模拟仿真。根据分析的结果和非承载车身的设计原则对该车身结构进行了详细地分析，找出设计中的一些不足之处，并提出一些相应的改进措施。     

TDI-FP法检测宫颈癌组织中人乳头瘤病毒16、18型别感染

目的通过模板介导的染料终止子掺入-荧光偏振技术(TDI-FP)检测宫颈癌组织中人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)16、18感染情况,以初步探讨本地区HPV流行特点。方法基于TDI-FP的基本原理,以HPV16、18 L1克隆重组质粒为模板,用HPV通用引物GP5+/6+PCR扩增,再通过检测探针杂交后掺入的特异荧光素标记碱基的不同来判断病毒的类型。结果在宫颈癌组织中HPV16和18型阳性率分别为61.8%及32.7%,高危型HPV占宫颈癌HPV的98.1%,宫颈癌组高危型HPV阳性率显著高于癌前病变组和慢性宫颈炎组。结论初步提示宫颈癌患者HPV感染以高危型为主,其中有超过一半的患者以HPV16型感染为主。TDI-FP是一新兴的高通量基因检测技术,快速、可靠、敏感、特异并且操作简便,更适合于大规模临床筛查及在临床上广泛推广应用。