散货船阻力预报中湍流模型的应用

采用直接求解RANS方程的方法对20艘散货船的绕流场和阻力进行了数值模拟,比较了标准模型、RNG模型及SST模型对数值计算结果的影响.通过与试验结果的详细对比,发现只要选取合适的湍流模型,数值模拟结果能够达到较高的精度,在1% -2%之间.这表明该数值计算方法能够满足工程的实际使用要求,可以在工程中推广应用.     

十里长街上“流动之家”的暖心人--记北京公交集团客四分公司常洪霞

随着社会经济的快速发展,人们的生活水平日益提高,乘客的出行需求,也从最初的能上去车,车厢里不太拥挤的需求向着安全、快捷、方便、准时、舒适等方面转变。如何为乘客提供更精准的服务,让乘客在短暂的乘车体验中,留下对公交美好的印象,是常洪霞一直思考的问题,为此她立足乘客需求,从安全行车、暖心服务上创新方法,为乘客提供更加精准的服务。     

靠港船舶应用大功率变频器供电仿真与分析

针对目前的岸电供电趋势,设计了一种大功率变频器供电的岸电供电模型。并根据理论研究在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建船舶岸电供电的仿真模型,对实际应用中靠港船舶应用大功率变频器供电易出现的故障类型进行模拟仿真,得到了靠港船舶供岸电过程中的故障动态参数并对其进行分析,对靠港船舶应用大功率变频器供电的岸电供电技术在我国港口的推广研究很有意义。     

Experimental study on the resistance of a transport ship navigating in level ice

This study investigates the resistance of a transport ship navigating in Arctic waters by conducting a series of model tests in an ice tank at Tianjin University. The laboratory-scale model ship was mounted on a rigid carriage using a one-directional load cell and then towed through an ice sheet at different speeds. We observed the ice-breaking process at different parts of the ship and motion of the ice floes and measured the resistances under different speeds to determine the relationship between the ice-breaking process and the ice resistance. The bending failure at the shoulder area was found to cause maximum resistance. Furthermore, we introduced the analytical method of Lindqvist (1989) for estimating ice resistance and then compared these calculated results with those from our model tests. The results indicate that the calculated total resistances are higher than those we determined in the model tests.     

Review on Theoretical Delay Estimation Model for Signalized Intersections

Traffic delay is an effective index for estimating the performance of a signalized intersection. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of the theoretical delay estimation model over the last ca. 90 years. For fixed-time signalized intersections, we classified the estimation development process into three stages. Stage 1 covered 1920s–1970s, when approaches based on steady-state theory were derived. These methods obtain accurate predictions with low degrees of saturation, but overestimate the delay with higher saturation and cannot provide reasonable results for oversaturated conditions. To accommodate high saturation, time-dependent models were proposed and improved in Stage 2, 1970s–2000s, using coordination transformation techniques. Progression factors to account for the filtering impact from upstream intersections were also introduced during this period. Due to inaccurate approximation of certain specific traffic conditions, some modified approaches and supplementary terms were derived from 2000 onwards (Stage 3), which facilitate the evolution of the delay estimation method and improved approximation results. Some new techniques, including artificial intelligence algorithms, were also introduced into delay estimation in this era. We also describe theoretical delay measurement methods for actuated control intersections with a similar time line. From our summary of the evolution of theoretical delay models, we highlight some deficiencies and future research directions.     

基于低压电力线载波通信的电缆防盗系统

输送电力的电缆分为高压电网和低压电网。一般来说,高压电网因为电压高,架设高度高,危险性较大,被盗的可能性不大。而380V的三相低压电网或220V的单相电力线,由于电压低,线材普遍为铜芯线,早已成为不法之徒的盗窃目标。因此,电力线的防盗问题主要是针对低压配电电缆。     

桥头跳车对路面结构的冲击效应研究

基于车-路耦合动力学模型,研究桥头跳车对路桥过渡段路面结构的冲击效应.分析了考虑车-路耦合作用对路面冲击效应的影响,研究了车辆冲击系数和路面振动响应随路面弹性模量、路基反应模量的变化规律,提出了路桥过渡段的道路设计建议.结果表明:考虑车-路耦合作用后,车辆冲击系数和有效影响范围均有所减小;路面弹性模量、路基反应模量对车辆冲击系数影响不大,但对路面振动响应影响较大;路桥过渡段的路面结构设计应考虑路面动力响应,采用车辆冲击系数作为标准轴载的放大系数偏危险,建议采用路面动力反应系数;从控制路面振动角度出发,路桥过渡段宜选择柔性路面,同时路基反应模量应超过200 MPa/m.     

基于相关系数法的柴油机动态特征提取

以某12缸柴油机装车后行驶的砂石路面为基础,针对不同驾驶员在车辆实际行驶中进行的7次加速过程,利用高速采集设备同步采集了柴油机输出端的转速和扭矩信号,并以动作响应快的转速信号为主要参数设计了典型的特征波形。利用相关系数法分析了7次加速信号及不同特征波形信号间的相关性,获得了砂石路行驶条件下柴油机动态特征信号。所提取的特征波形信号图形可表明,采用相关系数法分析典型动态特征信号是可行的。     

放松规制下的出租车服务定价博弈模型

依据出租车行业规制特征,探讨了出租车行业在放松规制条件下的定价博弈模型.通过对政府与出租车公司之间的博弈关系分析,建立了斯坦克尔伯格双层规划模型.在出租车价格规制双层规划模型中,上层规划目标是社会福利最大化,下层规划目标是出租车公司利益最大化.模型考虑了出租车运营的实载里程.考虑双层规划模型求解的复杂性,使用遗传算法求解了放松规制后的规制价格上限值,然后结合案例,对放松规制定价博弈模型进行了研究.计算结果表明:该模型能够有效反映定价过程,模型与算法是有效的.最后考虑时间因素,建立了动态规制定价博弈模型.     

实施设备润滑精细化管理提升设备经济可靠运行水平

阐述了青岛港设备润滑三级管理的内容与特点,结合实例,重点分析了港机设备润滑防污染环节及应用润滑技术破解设备润滑保养难题方面的问题.