Simulation of hydrodynamic performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors

The unsteady performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors in open water was numerically simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. A moving mesh method was used to more realistically simulate propulsor working conditions, and the thrust, torque, and lateral force coefficients of both propulsors were compared and analyzed. Forces acting on different parts of the propulsors along with the flow field distribution of steady and unsteady results at different advance coefficients were compared. Moreover, the change of the lateral force and the difference between the abovementioned two methods were mainly analyzed. It was shown that the thrust and torque results of both methods were similar, with the lateral force results having the highest deviation     

Comparing prediction methods for maritime accidents

ABSTRACT

The purpose of maritime accident prediction is to reasonably forecast an accident occurring in the future. In determining the level of maritime traffic management safety, it is important to analyze development trends of existing traffic conditions. Common prediction methods for maritime accidents include regression analysis, grey system models (GM) and exponential smoothing. In this study, a brief introduction is provided that discusses the aforementioned prediction models, including the associated methods and characteristics of each analysis, which form the basis for an attempt to apply a residual error correction model designed to optimize the grey system model. Based on the results, in which the model is verified using two different types of maritime accident data (linear smooth type and random-fluctuation type, respectively), the prediction accuracy and the applicability were validated. A discussion is then presented on how to apply the Markov model as a way to optimize the grey system model. This method, which proved to be correct in terms of prediction accuracy and applicability, is explored through empirical analysis. Although the accuracy of the residual error correction model is usually higher than the accuracy of the original GM (1,1), the effect of the Markov correction model is not always superior to the original GM (1,1). In addition, the accuracy of the former model depends on the characteristics of the original data, the status partition and the determination method for the status transition matrix.     

绿色交通节能效益量化的问题与对策

研究了绿色交通节能效益量化的问题及其成因,提出了对策建议。     

考虑非稳态传热的高速汽油机主轴承润滑分析

针对一款高速汽油机主轴承内部润滑与摩擦磨损问题,考虑到轴承承载不均导致的轴瓦与润滑油非稳态传热,基于弹性流体动力润滑(EHD)和轴承动力学理论方法,通过迭代计算,得出该高速汽油机具有代表性的第三主轴承在最大转速(9500 r/min)时轴承内部精确的温度场与热变形,并以此为轴承新的几何轮廓边界条件分析轴承的实际润滑情况.结果表明,与未考虑轴瓦温度场及热变形相比,轴承润滑状态明显恶化,具体表现为轴承最小油膜厚度减小、最大油膜压力增大,且出现较严重的磨损.最后通过发动机台架试验测得轴承的实际工作情况,并与计算结果进行对比,计算结果与实际摩擦磨损情况吻合,验证了所用方法和所得研究结论的正确性.     

使用UG NX4.0三维软件设计客车车架

客车车架是客车底盘的重要组成部分,通常是用二维软件设计,有一定的局限性。本文介绍使用UG NX4.0三维软件对车架进行设计。     

路基回弹模量对路面结构层受力的影响分析

通过计算不同路基回弹模量下的弯沉系数、上层底面弯拉应力系数、中层底面弯拉应力系数以及三层体系表面最大剪应力系数,得出了这些系数和路基回弹模量的关系.     

套箍法加固石拱桥主拱圈的正截面承载力的理论分析

针对石拱桥拱圈加固后的正截面承载力计算问题,提出了考虑加固前截面受力状况及加固材料不同力学性能的计算方法。对加固后的拱圈进行应力应变分析,得出界限破坏的3种形式,对每种界限破坏形式利用截面的协调变形和截面材料的应力应变关系,分析了其极限状态时组合截面的相对界限受压区高度,得出加固后石拱圈最后的破坏模式主要与加固前的初应变及加固层的厚度有关。对应于3种破坏形态从理论上推导出套箍法加固石拱圈在二次受力时的正截面承载力计算公式。计算公式充分考虑了加固前的构件应力水平、加固后截面不同材料组成及构件破坏形态的影响,比现有加固规范的计算取值更趋于合理,为同类加固结构的设计和计算提供了依据。     

基于Wilson熵分布假设的交通公平性量化评价模型

在对交通公平性的量化评价方法进行考察的基础上,从效益分配符合"W ilson熵分布"的假设出发,尝试建立了群体决策型的公平性量化评价模型,该模型综合考虑了区域公平性和不同群体效益归属公平性.对于模型的分析表明交通设施的群体决策型公平性量化评价模型具有最佳解.同时通过数学方法可以证明建立的基于"W ilson熵分布"假设的交通公平性量化评价模型能很好地体现对于弱势群体和不发达区域的效益"补偿"作用.分析结果表明该模型用于交通公平性评价是合理、可行的.     

2010年世博会停车换乘选择行为影响因素研究

以2010年上海世博会为契机,从交通行为调查与分析的角度研究停车换乘,针对世博会期间来自江浙地区的自驾车参观者,进行停车换乘行为调查,深入研究停车政策性因素、服务水平等对停车换乘选择行为的影响,并量化分析,从总体上把握自驾车参观者的出行意愿及其对停车换乘系统服务水平的需求特征．以支持世博停车换乘的需求规模预测和政策制定,同时可为进一步研究停车换乘选择行为模型提供研究基础和依据。     

地区公路项目兼顾效率与公平的优先级评价

政府投资的地区公路项目受到建设资金制约,在考虑项目建设效益的同时需兼顾地区的均衡发展.文中在总结前人研究成果的基础上,建立计量经济学的面板数据回归模型,采用GMM方法进行模型参数估计.模型采用年鉴数据,利用专业软件进行回归分析.并将回归分析的结果与前人的研究进行对比,对模型在中国部分省的适用性进行了评价.根据对实际案例的评价结果表明,评价模型具有很好的实用性.