基于数据融合的公交客流规模测算方法

公交客流规模测算往往存在调查成本受限和准确度要求较高的矛盾.提出基于公交IC卡历史数据与人工补充调查数据的数据融合测算方法,以准确推算公交客流规模.首先根据公交线路的基本属性,采用聚类分析方法划分线路类型,从每一类中选择具有代表性的线路.基于IC卡数据分析公交客流时变特征,运用有序样本聚类Fisher算法将线路小时刷卡量进行聚类分析.划分刷卡量相似时段,进而采用优化方法确定调查抽样率,确定相应的调查车辆进行人工补充调查,最终经过数据融合计算获得公交客流规模.基于上海市某辖区IC卡数据进行案例分析,测算得到三类公交线路的日均客流量.     

Five-axis interpolation of continuous short linear trajectories for 3[PP]S-<Emphasis Type="Italic">XY</Emphasis> hybrid mechanism by dual Bezier blending

A novel five-axis real-time interpolation algorithm for 3[PP]S-XY hybrid mechanism is proposed in this paper. In the algorithm, the five-axis tool path for controlling this hybrid mechanism is separated into two sub-paths. One sub-path describes the movement of 3[PP]S parallel kinematic mechanism module, and the other one describes the movement of XY platform. A pair of cubic Bezier curves is employed to smooth the corners in those two sub-paths. Based on the homogenous Jacobian matrix of 3[PP]S mechanism, a relationship between the position errors of every driving joint in hybrid mechanism and the position deviation of the tool tip center point at the moving platform is established. This relationship is used to estimate the approximation error for the corners smoothing according to the accuracy requirement of tool tip center in interpolation. Due to the high computational efficiency of this corner smoothing method, it is integrated into the look-ahead module of computer numerical control (CNC) system to perform online tool path smoothing. By performing the speed planning based on a floating window scheme, a jerk limited S-shape speed profile can be generated efficiently. On this basis, a realtime look-ahead scheme, which is comprised of path-smoothing and feedrate scheduling, is developed to acquire a speed profile with smooth acceleration. A monotonic cubic spline is employed for synchronization between those two smoothed sub-paths in tool path interpolation. This interpolation algorithm has been integrated into our own developed CNC system to control a 3PRS-XY experimental instrument (P, R and S standing for prismatic, revolute and spherical, respectively). A club shaped trajectory is adopted to verify the smoothness and efficiency of the five-axis interpolator for hybrid mechanism control.     

Recursive least squares algorithm for a nonlinear additive system with time delay

This paper proposes a recursive least squares algorithm for a nonlinear additive system with time delay. By the Weierstrass approximation theorem and the key term separation principle, the model can be simplified as an identification model. Based on the identification model, a recursive least squares identification algorithm is used to estimate all the unknown parameters of the time-delayed additive system. An example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Deliberative collision avoidance for unmanned surface vehicle based on the directional weight

The purpose of this study is to realize the intelligent deliberative obstacle avoidance for unmanned surface vehicle (USV), based on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea called COLREGS. Firstly, a three-level system architecture is designed for the ship intelligent collision avoidance system. Secondly, an intelligent collision avoidance algorithm is presented based on the calculation of motion parameters and the rules of COLREGS. Thirdly, according to COLREGS, the marine environment is modeled from the electronic chart data and radar information, and a deliberative collision avoidance algorithm is written. Finally, the deliberative collision avoidance simulation is carried out for the USV. The feasibility and reliability of intelligent collision avoidance algorithm are verified by the vivid simulation results.     

急性脑梗死患者胰岛素抵抗及其与肿瘤坏死因子-α关系的初步探讨

目的　探讨急性脑梗死患者胰岛素抵抗 (IR)与肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)的关系。方法　检测了 42例急性脑梗死患者和 5 0例正常对照组的空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、C 肽、TNF α、TG及HDL含量 ,并计算胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)。结果　急性脑梗死患者与正常对照组比较 ,ISI明显降低、血清TNF α明显升高 ,两者之间存在明显负相关关系 ;ISI与TG、HDL分别呈负相关、正相关关系。结论　急性动脉硬化性脑梗死患者存在着IR ,TNF α可能是IR形成的一个因素。抑制TNF α的表达可能会增加胰岛素敏感性 ,减少脑梗死的发生和减轻梗死范围。     

米轨客车迫导向转向架动力学性能研究

建立了米轨迫导向转向架客车的动力学模型，提出了迫导向机构的等效处理方法，以研究迫导向转向架导向机构参数对客车动力学性能的影响，计算结果表明，增大迫导向机构刚度和增益有利于提高蛇行失稳临界速度和曲线通过能力；连杆间铰链的间隙则对迫导向机构的性能有明显不利的影响。     

中继语与大学英语写作的定式思维问题

大学英语写作中中继语对修辞方面出现的定式思维问题有明显影响，大学生应能注意到这种影响，并在写作中有意识地模仿英语修辞模式，写出地道的英语文章。     

浅论公路工程特尔菲评标法

通过分析当前公路工程评标的现状,指出目前普遍采用的专家会议法的利弊,介绍一种较先进的评标方法——特尔菲法(Delphi)。     

快速公交系统通行能力研究

通行能力分析是快速公交系统规划、设计和优化的基础。基于GI/G/1排队论模型和车站有效停靠泊位数构建了快速公交系统通行能力计算方法,其参数设置涉及影响快速公交系统通行能力的各种因素。通过对北京、广州、厦门、郑州等多个中国城市快速公交系统运营状况的调查分析,对相关参数进行了标定,以使其反映中国各地快速公交系统运营实际。最后以广州、厦门、郑州三市的快速公交系统为例,对上述方法的应用进行说明。     

浅析大城市快速路系统规划控制要求——以重庆市主城区为例

近年来,随着我国城市城镇化进程加快,各大城市都热衷于建设承担快速、长距离交通的城市快速路.然而,部分大城市的快速路建成后并没有发挥应有的功能,甚至出现常发性交通拥堵,主要原因之一是在规划阶段没有提出明确的规划控制要求.通过国内外大量典型城市案例的总结分析,提出城市快速路在规划各个阶段的规划控制要求,并结合重庆市主城区快速路存在的实际问题,提出相应的改善建议,以期为国内相关城市在规划建设快速路时提供参考.