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41.
We estimated the benefits associated with reducing fatal and severe injuries from traffic accidents using a stated choice experiment where choice situations were generated through a statistically efficient design. Specifically, the risk variables were defined as the expected annual number of vehicle car-users that suffered their death or were severely injured in a traffic accident. In addition, and differing from previous research, the number of pedestrians that died or were severely injured in traffic accidents per year was also included as a risk attribute in the choice experiment, to attempt at measuring drivers’ willingness to pay to reduce the risk of hitting pedestrians in a crash. The empirical setting was a choice of route for a particular trip that a sample of car drivers periodically undertakes in Tenerife, Spain. Models were estimated accounting for random taste heterogeneity and pseudo-panel data correlation. The median of the distribution of simulated parameters was used to obtain a representative measure for the monetary valuation of risk reductions. We found that the ratio between the values of reducing the risk of suffering a serious injury and that of reducing a fatality was approximately 18 %. Further, and quite novel, we also found that the value of reducing a pedestrian fatality was 39 % of the value of reducing a car occupant fatality.  相似文献   
42.
In recent years, increasing recognition of the challenges associated with global climate change and inequity in developed countries have revived researcher’s interest towards analyzing transportation related expenditure of households. The current research contributes to travel behaviour literature by developing an econometric model of household budgetary allocations with a particular focus on transportation expenditure. Towards this end, we employ the public-use micro-data extracted from the Survey of Household Spending (SHS) for the years 1997–2009. The proposed econometric modeling approach is built on the multiple discrete continuous extreme value model (MDCEV) framework. Specifically, in our analysis, the scaled version of the MDCEV model outperformed its other counterparts. Broadly, the model results indicated that a host of household socio-economic and demographic attributes along with the residential location characteristics affect the apportioning of income to various expenditure categories and savings. We also observed a relatively stable transportation spending behaviour over time. Additionally, a policy analysis exercise is conducted where we observed that with increase in health expenses and reduction in savings results in adjustments in all expenditure categories.  相似文献   
43.
Users’ acceptability is considered one of the key drivers for the successful implementation of transport policy measures. This is especially crucial in the case of toll roads since they are financed through drivers’ contributions. Previous literature in this field has mainly focused on measuring users’ attitudes towards urban congestion pricing strategies. However limited research has been developed concerning interurban toll roads. Previous research shows that socioeconomic variables are not conclusive to explain users’ perceptions towards tolls. By contrast, other drivers such as regional differences seem to play a more important role, especially when charging conditions within the same nation greatly vary across regions. This paper analyzes regional differences in users’ attitudes within an asymmetrical distribution of the toll road network across regions. Based on a nationwide survey conducted to road users in interurban toll roads in Spain, we develop both a binomial logit and a censored regression (tobit) model to explore drivers’ perceptions and willingness to pay. The research concludes that users from regions with a more extensive tolled network generally show a more negative attitude towards charges, but not necessarily a lower willingness to pay. The paper also points out that an asymmetrical distribution of toll roads across regions may result in negative perceptions among those users perceiving to be unfairly treated when compared to citizens in other regions.  相似文献   
44.
Users’ loyalty to public transit service is fundamental to promote its popularity in the transportation market. A four-step analytical framework is advanced to investigate the importance of service attributes that heterogeneous transit user segments place on their public transit service loyalty, measured in terms of overall satisfaction and re-use intention. Critical service attributes perceived by transit users that are relevant for loyalty enhancement are explicitly determined, which vary between user segments. It is suggested that the design of strategies aimed to promote the use of public transit by increasing user loyalty towards transit service be targeted at specific attributes that contribute most to loyalty and specific user segments whose original loyalty level is significantly different to others.  相似文献   
45.
黄娟  陆建 《交通与运输》2006,(Z2):78-82
目前中国许多地区进入快速城市化发展阶段,在长期城乡二元格局影响下,这些地区形成独特的公交需求特性.本文研究了快速城市化地区社会经济发展特性和公交统筹发展要求.根据公交线路服务特性将公交线路分为城乡公交线路和城区公交线路两类,提出了基于层次分析的快速城市化地区公共交通线网规划方法.通过张家港市公交规划的实例分析,体现出该方法适应地区发展趋势以及城乡统筹发展的战略要求.  相似文献   
46.
车辆跟驰行为受前导车和道路环境等的影响,将车辆抽象成相互作用的分子,基于分子动力学构建相互作用势函数,建立基于相互作用势函数的分子跟驰模型.采集试验路段不同点位的交通流样本,从视频中获得所需数据,并对加速度波动特性进行分析.将车辆运行状态分为常态行驶,起动加速和减速停车3种,根据实测交通数据对3种车辆运行状态进行模型参数标定,同时对分子跟驰模型进行稳定性分析验证,结果表明,相对于经典GM模型,分子跟驰模型稳定性更好,对实际交通状态拟合程度更高.  相似文献   
47.
通过实测资料分析的方法,以宜都河道为例,研究了水库蓄水后强约束型分汉河道的冲刷调整规律.在此基础上,进而通过概化模型试验,研究强约束性分汊河道中,河床边界条件的变化对分汊河道水流运动和冲刷调整规律的影响.研究表明:1)由于水库蓄水后河床发生剧烈的冲刷调整,将导致河道河床边界条件特别是两汊高程差的变化,分流格局随之改变;2)河道边界条件发生变化,水流动力轴线可以由稳定于一汊转化为两汉交替,其冲刷调整形式也从一汉冲刷占优转化为两汊冲刷交替占优;3)分汊河道在水库蓄水初期的剧烈调整过程及其河床边界条件的变化一定程度上影响着分汊河道的发展趋势,要充分认识分汊河道在水库蓄水初期剧烈调整过程中所可能出现的问题,引导其朝好的方向发展.  相似文献   
48.
无线Ad-Hoc网络密钥分发和认证机制研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
针对Ad Hoc网络没有管理中心,资源受限等特点,解决了Ad-Hoc网络面临的新的安全问题,使Ad-Hoc网络得到更广泛的应用.结合基于身份加密和门限秘密共享两个基本理论,提出了一个适用于Ad-Hoc网络、没有管理中心的分布式密钥分发和认证方案.其优点是:减少了运算量,节省了存储空间和带宽,并无需在网络形成之前假设密钥已经分发完毕,从而有效解决了Ad-Hoc网络安全中密钥管理的问题.  相似文献   
49.
黄土沟壑区湿软路基沉降预测模型   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为合理考虑路基沉降预测时诸多影响因素的不确定性与随机性,提出基于神经网络范例推理的路基沉降预测模型。以同类工程的成功经验为基础,建立了基于神经网络的沉降范例检索模型,在范例相似度计算中,引入归一化效用函数,通过神经网络的学习,建立当前沉降范例与沉降源范例之间的相似关系,最终实现当前沉降范例的沉降预测。对黄土沟壑区湿软路基沉降预测结果表明,该模型具有较高的预测准确性,预测值与实测值绝对误差小于10%。  相似文献   
50.
陈玉  任涓 《交通标准化》2007,(4):174-178
宁波市在经济发展迅猛、百姓购车热情高涨的情况下,正积极着手进行着城市交通网络的规划、优化工作,此项工作已经引起社会的广泛关注,优先发展公交的呼声也越来越高,这也是从根本上解决城市交通拥挤堵塞状况的必然选择.  相似文献   
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