Vehicle aesthetics and their impact on the pedestrian environment

Cars are designed to appeal to the buyer’s self-image, many of them evoking an impression of speed and power. Such an impression conflicts both with the aesthetic language of suburban architecture, and the needs of pedestrians. The research described in this report was conceived as a preliminary investigation of how members of the public view the aesthetic impact of cars in the residential street environment, particularly from the pedestrian’s point of view. The results suggested that people use two distinct sets of criteria when evaluating the motor car and the residential environment in visual terms. When asked to ‘match’ different models of car with different street scenes, respondents avoided referring to abstract visual qualities such as shape, colour and texture, but concentrated instead on the owners: the imagined driver and the imagined householder. The problem of visual harmony was reduced to one of social and cultural harmony. Could the imagined householder be expected to drive this or that car? However, SUVs were singled out as visually intrusive because they blocked the pedestrian’s view. Members of one of the groups, boys aged 11–12, found it difficult to visualise the impact of cars on pedestrians at all, or even to question vehicle design from the pedestrian’s point of view. They just wanted to be in the driving seat.     

次级点火分析

我刊2001年7月号曾介绍了有关发动机初级点火的基本知识,本期将介绍有关次级点火的知识。 医生为病人检查时,总要先测量体温、血压以及其他一些可以判断身体是否健康的指标,然后对这些指标进行分析诊断,找到病根后才能对症下药。对汽车进行故障诊断时,同样需要找到导致故障的     

改装及汽车后市场蓄势待发——记2006中国国际汽车用品展览会暨国际改装汽车展览会

2006年3月9日，中国最大的国际汽车用品及改装汽车专业大展：2006中国国际汽车用品展览会暨国际改装汽车展览会（简称CIAACE2006）在北京农业展览馆新馆隆重开幕，这是目前中国规模最大．档次最高．影响力最强的关于汽车后市场产品及服务的展会。这是车迷们的节日，也是众多车商们一年一度展示汽车用品行业最新状况．汽车改装行业最新潮流的完美平台。展会人潮涌动，盛况空前的场面确实让记者有些始料不及。594家来自国内外的汽车用品及改装企业，1000多种汽车周边的新品会聚于此，仅开幕当天上午，来自世界各地的专业观众、汽车爱好者就多达6000人次。北京亚运村汽车交易市场负责人兴奋地告诉记者：“这是中国汽车爱好者的一个节日！”[编者按]     

基于TMS320F2812有源滤波控制器的设计

介绍了有源电力滤波器(APF)的基本原理的基础,具体分析了有源滤波器控制系统的硬件结构和软件流程,阐述了基于TMS320F2812数字信号处理器的有源滤波控制器设计.最后通过实验数据.验证了该控制器的正确性和有效性.     

高速公路长上坡路段路面病害处治技术

本文针对高速公路长上坡路段出现的路面病害,根据历年的路面病害处治经验,提出了路面病害处治的方案,并成功组织实施,供同类路面的设计、养护参考。     

油蚀对沥青混合料高温性能的影响

公路上燃油汽车漏油情况时有发生,造成沥青路面不同程度的污染,影响沥青路面性能。对沥青混合料试件表面涂刷柴油和机油的方式模拟油蚀过程,采用马歇尔试验及车辙试验,测试并分析了油蚀过程对沥青混合料试件高温性能的影响。结果表明：油蚀过程将显著降低沥青混合料试件的马歇尔稳定度和动稳定度,降幅与油蚀时间成正比;柴油油蚀对沥青混合料稳定度降低的影响大于机油油蚀的影响;与SMA-13混合料相比,AK-13A混合料的抗油蚀能力更低。     

日本城市轨道交通概况

介绍了日本3处主要城市地区(东京都、京阪神地区、中京地区)轨道交通线网的状况以及日本铁道公司的管理情况、生产能力.把轨道交通公司每个员工平均创造运营收入作为一个重要的衡量指标,衡量运营的业绩.简要介绍了日本的一些轨道交通制式.     

基于模型预测控制无人驾驶车辆避障轨迹跟踪器设计

针对无人驾驶车辆的轨迹跟踪和避障问题,基于模型预测控制算法设计了避障轨迹跟踪控制器,实现避障和轨迹跟踪功能。在不同车速下采用Matlab和CarSim进行联合仿真试验,结果表明:设计的控制器控制性能和稳定性良好,能满足无人驾驶车辆的避障和轨迹跟踪需求。     

Simulation of the oil spill processes in the Sea of Japan with regional ocean circulation model

A simulation of the movement of spilled oil after the incident of the Russian tanker Nakhodka in the Sea of Japan, in January 1997, was performed by a particle tracking model incorporating advection by currents, random diffusion, the buoyancy effect, the parameterization of oil evaporation, biodegradation, and beaching. The currents advecting spilled oil were defined by surface wind drift superposed on the three-dimensional ocean currents obtained by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory modular ocean model (GFDL MOM), which was forced by the climatological monthly mean meteorological data, or by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) daily meteorological data, and assimilated sea surface topography detected by satellite altimeter. A number of experiments with different parameters and situations showed that the wide geographical spread of oil observed is not explained by wind drift alone, and that including the simulated climatological currents gives better results. The combination of surface wind drift and daily ocean currents shows the best agreement between the model and observations except in some coastal areas. The daily meteorological effect on the ocean circulation model results in a stronger variability of currents that closely simulates some features of the nonlinear large-scale horizontal turbulent diffusion of oil. The effect of different parameterizations for the size distribution of model oil particles is discussed. Received for publication on July 26, 1999; accepted on Nov. 17, 1999     

Hydrodynamic forces on a two-dimensional multihull structure in waves: application of the scattering matrix theory

The diffraction and radiation problems of a two dimensional multihull structure were investigated by application of the scattering matrix theory. The scattering matrix theory is widely used to analyze wave interaction problems in various scientific fields. The research is focused on the zeros of the wave exciting force near resonance, which occurs both in the diffraction problem and the radiation problem. At the zeros of the wave exciting force, the wave exciting force for the overall structure is zero, but each demihull undergoes wave excitation. At near-resonant frequencies, the amplitude of the traveling wave between adjacent demihulls becomes very large and the demihulls experience very large wave forces. A number of simple equations for representing the hydrodynamic properties of the multihull structure at the zeros and near-resonant frequencies are obtained. Numerical examples show that these simple equations well explain the hydrodynamic forces and the wave system in the spaces between the demihulls.