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881.
从接触网大修更换承力索施工中,总结影响承力索倒接后b值控制以及腕臂发生偏移的因素,并找出解决办法。对类似大修换线施工和新建电气化铁道承力索架设提供了思路和方法。 相似文献
882.
Mapping evacuation risk on transportation networks using a spatial optimization model 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The focus of this paper is on the development of a methodology to identify network and demographic characteristics on real transportation networks which may lead to significant problems in evacuation during some extreme event, like a wildfire or hazardous material spill. We present an optimization model, called the critical cluster model, that can be used to identify small areas or neighborhoods which have high ratios of population to exit capacity. Although this model in its simplest form is a nonlinear, constrained optimization problem, a special integer-linear programming equivalent can be formulated. Special contiguity constraints are needed to keep identified clusters spatially connected. We present details on how this model can be solved optimally as well as discuss computational experience for several example transportation networks. We describe how this model can be integrated within a GIS system to produce maps of evacuation risk or vulnerability. This model is now being utilized in several research projects, in Europe and the US. 相似文献
883.
In this paper, we extend previous analyses of temporal effects by examining the factors associated with activity generation and duration over four waves of the Puget sound transportation panel survey (PSTPS). A Cox proportional hazards model was specified for each of five activities: visiting, appointment, free time, personal business, and shopping. For each activity, the duration times are modeled with an emphasis on examining important higher order interactions. The results suggest that activity durations have changed significantly over the survey period. Many of the differences in activity durations over time were significant, and often associated with increasing numbers of children in the household and higher order interactions between sex and the sequencing of activities. 相似文献
884.
In this paper, the transient conditions during fast startup are investigated to develop a fuel metering strategy under HEV-like mode. The fuel mixture preparation and its effects on the combustion are analyzed in detail. Specifically, the combustion in the first cycle is characterized under both conventional low-speed cranking startup and HEV-like fast startup modes. The test results show that the enhancement of cranking speed has marginal effects on mixture preparation in the first cycle. However, it prolongs the combustion duration and reduces HC emissions. The sensitivity of the fuel metering is evaluated for the initial cycles. The combustion in the 3rd ~ 5th cycles during startup is found to be fairly sensitive to the fuel metering due to the effects of transient fuel film vaporization. The fuel metering in the first cycle has the most significant effect on the combustion and emissions during fast startup. Optimized fuel metering in the first cycle shows effective reduction of HC emissions during fast startup process. 相似文献
885.
Arnold W. Mantyla Steven J. Bograd Elizabeth L. Venrick 《Journal of Marine Systems》2008,73(1-2):48-60
Factors that influence the magnitude and the depth of the chlorophyll maximum layer in the ocean off Southern California are explored using observations from the long-term California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program. The data record is sufficiently long to reveal patterns not always evident from single stations or single cruises. Processes such as coastal wind-driven upwelling, geostrophic circulation, and annual physical and chemical cycles are illustrated to demonstrate their effect on euphotic zone nutrient availability, and subsequent phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity. In this area, where the influence of wind-driven upwelling is spatially restricted and advected waters are generally nutrient depleted, geostrophically induced upwelling and winter convection become important in determining spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton. 相似文献
886.
887.
结合在航道驳岸软基处理中深搅桩施工质量抽检评定方法的实践,介绍以标准贯入击数、桩身水泥土无侧限抗压强度及芯样状态描述为评分参数的质量检测评分方法。实践表明,这种以定性描述和定量计算相结合的质量评定方法是行之有效的。 相似文献
888.
The study aimed to test the utility of instruments deployed on marine mammals for measuring physical oceanographic variation and, using this method, to examine temperature variation in the coastal waters around South Georgia. There was a significant correlation between temperature measurements made using a towed undulating oceanographic recorder (UOR) and concurrent measurements from time-depth recorders (TDRs) fitted to lactating Antarctic fur seals foraging from the coast of South Georgia. Congruence was found at horizontal spatial scales from 0.01°×0.01° to 0.5°×0.5° (degrees of latitude and longitude), and at a vertical scale of 10 m. However, there was no significant correlation between temperature measured by TDRs in the top 5 m and sea surface temperature (SST) measured by satellite remote sensing. TDR data provided information about temperature variation vertically through the water column, and through time. The UOR data were used to recalibrate the TDR data in order to correct for the slow response time of the TDR thermistor relative to the speed of seal movements through the water column. Seasonal temperature variation was apparent, and temperatures also varied between regions, and with bathymetry. These results were consistent with the current interpretation of the coastal oceanography around South Georgia. In particular, the relationship between on- and off-shelf waters showed larger amounts of warmer surface water in a region in which more run-off was to be expected. The study also showed that Antarctic fur seals concentrate their activity in regions of colder, and presumably oceanic, water. Such instrumented animals could provide near real time data for assimilation into ocean models. 相似文献
889.
E. Chevallier A. Can M. Nadji L. Leclercq 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2009,14(2):100-110
Three families of road noise prediction models can be distinguished. Static noise models only consider free-flow constant-speed traffic with uniformly distributed vehicles. Analytic noise models assume that all vehicles are isolated from one another but account for their mean kinematic profile over the network. Micro-simulation noise models relax the hypothesis of no interaction between vehicles and fully capture traffic flow dynamic effects such as queue evolution. This study compares the noise levels obtained by these three methodologies at signalized intersections and roundabouts. It reveals that micro-simulation noise models outperform the other approaches. Particularly, they are able to capture the effects of stochastic transient queues in under-saturated conditions as well as stop-and-go behaviors in oversaturated regime. Accounting for traffic dynamics is also shown to improve predictions of noise variations due to different junction layouts. In this paper, a roundabout is found to induce a 2.5 dB(A) noise reduction compared to a signalized intersection in under-saturated conditions while the acoustic contributions of both kinds of junctions balance in oversaturated regime. 相似文献
890.