Ventilation of bottom water in the North Sea–Baltic Sea transition zone

The transition zone between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea is a highly dynamic region where a general estuarine circulation forms a regional scale frontal system from northern Kattegat to the Arkona Sea. This system is characterized by an upper low saline out?owing Baltic water mass from the in?owing saline Skagerrak bottom water to the Kattegat and Belt Sea area. Large and rapid ?uctuations of the frontal system are caused by barotropic transports, forced by changing sea level difference between northern Kattegat and the western Baltic Sea, and this results in high variability of the hydrographic conditions and also in frequent in- and out?ow events to the Baltic. The dynamics in the region are here analyzed by a regional model of the transition zone, covering the area from the northern Kattegat to the Arkona Sea. The model is validated against water level, temperature and salinity measurements from the region, and the transports through the Danish straits are related to previous estimates and empirical relations. A sensitivity study quantify the role of bathymetry, the tidally induced mixing and the in?owing Skagerrak bottom water for ventilating the bottom water with Skagerrak water or surface water.Furthermore, the dynamics in the region is analyzed with tracers representing the age of the water. The distribution of age tracers with different boundary conditions are analyzed, and the role of advection and mixing for ventilating the bottom water is quanti?ed in terms of the water age. It is shown that the Great Belt area is a very dynamical area where bottom water is ventilated with surface water. The interannual variation of the ventilation of bottom water in the period 2001–2003 is analyzed by various age tracers and related to observed oxygen conditions, and it is shown that the extreme hypoxic event in the autumn 2002 in the southern Kattegat, the Great Belt and in the western Baltic Sea coincide with an unusual low vertical ventilation rate in the Great Belt area, but normal advection rates of bottom water from the northern Kattegat. This indicates that during this particular event, and probably in general, ventilation of bottom water in the Great Belt has signi?cant in?uence on oxygen conditions in the southern part of the region and for ventilation of bottom waters in the western Baltic Sea. In contrast, the central Kattegat is primarily ventilated by advection of bottom water from the Skagerrak. An age tracer representing the ventilation rate of bottom water with either Skagerrak water or surface water is shown to be inversely correlated to the observed oxygen distribution in the region.     

青春期与育龄期多囊卵巢综合征患者的临床对照研究

目的 通过对青春期多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS)与育龄期PCOS患者的临床资料的对照研究,分析两组患者的临床特点以及PCOS对女性健康和血管内皮功能的影响.方法 选择在我院妇产科门诊就诊的PCOS患者68例,其中青春期33例,育龄期35例.所有患者记录基线资料,采用ELISA法检测内皮素-1(ET-1)浓度,免疫浊度法检测C-反应蛋白(CRP)浓度,放射免疫法测定女性激素.结果 ①基线资料的比较:青春期组F-G评分及痤疮评分较育龄期组显著升高(P<0.05),而其余指标无显著性差异.②临床特点的比较:青春期患者月经失调、多毛、痤疮发生率较育龄期显著升高(P<0.05).③女性激素的比较:青春期组睾酮(T)、黄体生成素(LH)、LH/卵泡刺激素(FSH)显著高于育龄期组(P<0.05),而FSH、催乳素(PRL)、孕酮(P)和雌二醇(E2)无显著性差异(P>0.05);④ET-1浓度的测定结果:育龄期组较青春期组显著升高(P<0.05);育龄期肥胖组及胰岛素抵抗(IR)组血清ET-1浓度分别较非肥胖组及非IR组显著升高(P<0.05),而青春期组无此改变.⑤两组CRP浓度无显著性差异.结论 PCOS在女性青春期与育龄期的临床特点不同,育龄期尤其是伴有IR和(或)肥胖者血管内皮功能紊乱较明显.     

原发性小血管炎患者多系统临床表现和肾脏病理分析

目的分析原发性小血管炎患者多系统的临床表现和肾脏病理特点。方法选取我院1996年1月至2007年8月间明确诊断的原发性小血管炎患者共78例,患者均有肾脏损害,并行肾活检,总结分析患者的临床病理资料。结果78例中15例胞浆型抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(cANCA)阳性,均识别蛋白酶3(PR3);62例环核型抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(PANCA)阳性,均识别髓过氧化物酶(MPO)。临床表现呈多器官受累:不规则发热;浮肿、血尿、蛋白尿、肾功能减退;咳嗽、咯血、胸痛、肺部浸润;鼻塞伴有脓性分泌物;关节肿痛等。肾活检可见小血管壁节段性纤维素样坏死,新月体多见。免疫荧光无免疫球蛋白或微量免疫球蛋白及补体C3沉积。治疗采用糖皮质激素联用细胞毒药物或吗替麦考酚酯,部分患者同时给予透析治疗,治疗有效率达85.9%。结论原发性小血管炎并不少见,且以显微镜下型多血管炎居多;患者以中老年为主;ANCA检测有助于早期诊断及复发判断;及时治疗可逆转。     

Combustion Characteristics and Emission of a Two-Stroke Compression Ignition Engine with Two-Stage Injection

In order to study the effect of two-stage injection on two-stroke diesel engines, a well characterized research engine equipped with electronically controlled common rail system and scavenging system was constructed. Through analysis of combustion and emissions, two-stage injection shows its advantages. Compared with the standard injection, it produces less emissions, while compared with single early injection, it expands engine operation range. Further experiments were carried out to study the influence of several injection control parameters on two-stage injection. The fuel in the first injection is used for forming homogeneous mixture. The fuel in the second injection keeps combustion, and it is the main source of smoke emissions. NO_x is formed in both combustion process caused by these two injections, and there is an optimum fuel allocation ration to produce minimum NO_x. The cylinder pressure decreases, and the combustion is depressed with the increasing of scavenging pressure. By optimizing the injection control parameters of two-stage injection, NO_x and smoke can be reduced beyond 30% simultaneously.     

GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF SIX Y CHROMOSOMAL STR IN CHINESE HUI ETHNIC GROUP

Objective To study genetic polymorphism of 6 Y chromosomal STR in Hui ethnic group living in Ningxia Hui ethnic autonomous region, in order to evaluate their usefulness in forensic science and enrich the Chinese genetic information resources. Methods We investigated 101 unrelated, healthy, male individuals of Hui ethnic group and studied their allelic frequency distribution and haplotype diversity of 6 Y chromosomal STR. Primer for each loci was labeled with the fluorescent by FAM (blue) or TAMRA(yellow). The data of Hui ethnic group were generated coamplification, GeneScan, genotype, and genetic distribution analysis. Results 31 alleles and 43 phenotype(DYS385) were detected, with the frequencies ranging from 0. 0099- 0. 7129. Out of a total of 101 individuals, 96 showed different haplotypes; 91 were unique; 5 were found 2 times. The haplotype diversity for 6 Y-STR loci was 0. 9990. Conclusion The date obtained can be valuable for individual identification, paternity testing in forensic fields and for population genetics because of 6 Y-STR loci high polymorphism.     

转臂式轴箱定位装置等效刚度计算与分析

文章从能量守恒定律出发,结合转臂式轴箱定位装置的结构特点,通过分析其受力状况和运动几何关系,在充分合理简化的基础上,推导出通用的转臂式轴箱定位装置的垂向、纵向和横向等效刚度计算公式,并对我国典型动车组的转臂式轴箱等效定位刚度进行了计算。     

公路建设项目经济效益审计的内容与方法

加强对公路建设单位建设项目的效益审计具有重要意义,应从各个环节深入探讨对工程项目进行效益审计的内容和方法。     

浅谈如何根据驾校学员心理特征因材施教

多年从事汽车驾驶教员工作 ,针对数学中出现的各种问题 ,经过多年的潜心研究 ,终于得出了一些独特见解 ,即必须根据学员的心理特征因材施教、因人施教 ,才能提高教学质量 ,完成好汽车驾驶教员工作。     

可持续发展交通规划之合理的交通成本模式

伴随着中国城市化进程的加快,城市交通问题日益严重,构建可持续的交通发展模式要求日益紧迫。可持续发展交通规划是全方位的,要考虑多方面因素,而建立合理的交通成本模式是其中很关键的一个环节。鉴于此,介绍当前的交通成本模式,通过分析该种模式的不足之处,提出更完善的交通成本模式,可资借鉴参考。     

磁浮轨道无线短波测量系统设计

在对磁浮轨道特有的短波测量进行研究的基础上,详细描述磁浮轨道无线短波测量系统的原理、构成和软件硬件设计。该系统拥有成熟的技术思路,在提高可靠性和测量效率的前提下,可同时使用多种形式进行测量,其原理和方法也可供其他测量环境借鉴。