雾封层技术封闭沥青路面早期微裂缝机理

微裂缝是高速公路沥青路面早期损坏的主要形式之一。从流体动力学角度分析乳化沥青作为流体渗流入微裂缝中,从而封闭微裂缝、防止渗水。     

公路桥梁维修加固的方法探讨

随着交通运输事业的快速发展,过去修建的桥梁,承受着大量超载车辆和超大交通量的沉重负荷,出现了各种各样的病害.根据近年对公路桥梁的维修加固实践,总结了一些公路桥梁的病害及维修加固的方法.     

Application of genetic algorithms for joint optimization of signal setting parameters and dynamic traffic assignment for the real network data

This paper presents the joint optimization of signal setting parameters and dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) traffic assignment for the congested urban road network. The simulation-based approach is employed to obtain the DUE condition for the case of multiple-origin multiple-destination traffic flows. The dynamic traffic assignment simulation program (DTASP), developed in C language is used to assign the traffic dynamically on the road network, whereas method of successive averages (MSA) is modified and used to arrive at the DUE condition. The artificial intelligence technique of genetic algorithms (GAs) is applied to obtain the optimal signal setting parameters and path flow distribution factor for DUE condition. The methodology developed in such a way that joint optimization of signal setting parameters with DUE is obtained. The proposed method is applied to the real network data of Fort Area of Mumbai city comprising of 17 nodes and 56 unidirectional links with 72 Origin–Destination pairs, where all the 17 nodes are signalized intersections. The traffic flow condition for the optimized signal setting parameters is considerably improved compared to the existing signal settings. The results prove that the GA is an effective technique to solve the joint optimization problem for the real network data.     

Assessment of diesel combustion noise overall level in transient operation

Combustion noise in passenger cars powered with direct injection (DI) diesel engines is frequently the main reason why end-users are reluctant to drive this type of vehicle. Thus, the great potential of diesel engines for environment preservation — due to their lower CO₂ emissions — could be missed. This situation worsens with the current design trends (engine downsizing) and the emerging new diesel combustion concepts (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition-HCCI, Premixed Charge Compression Ignition-PCCI, etc.), which are intrinsically noisy. This negative feature can be even more critical in transient operation due to the contribution of the temporal changes of both source and transmission path on engine noise. Therefore, combustion noise must be considered as an additional essential factor in engine development, together with performance, emissions and driveability. Thus, suitable evaluation procedures that can be integrated into the global engine development process in a timely and cost-effective manner are imperative. Regarding the evaluation procedures, most of the work available in the literature addressed combustion noise at steady operation. To surpass this limitation, two possible approaches — adapted from the classical and multiple regression methods — for the overall level assessment of combustion noise in transient conditions are evaluated in this paper.     

振动压路机压实动力特性试验研究

为分析振动压路机的压实动力特性,通过现场试验,测试了18 t振动压路机在碾压过程中路基产生的动应力,分析了距离压路机不同深度处在不同碾压次数条件下的动应力规律,结果表明,一次碾压过程中达到75%最大动应力的作用次数为10～12次,碾压8次后,竖向应力基本趋于稳定,不随碾压次数增加而增加,为保证上层碾压层的压实效果,下层模量应达到一定的模量值.     

基于消息的5T系统监测数据传输技术

针对铁路5T系统(红外线轴温探测系统、货车运行状态地面安全监测系统、货车滚动轴承早期故障轨边声学诊断系统、货车运行故障动态图像检测系统、客车运行安全监控系统)中的监测数据传输冲突和数据堵塞问题,以各种类型监测数据所反映出的安全程度为依据,建立5T系统信息模型,应用消息队列技术设计基于消息的动态优先队列传输流程,在量化优先因子影响因素的基础上建立基于数据类型、预警等级、车型和车速的数据传输优先模型,将对优先因子的求解转化为对部分权重信息下多目标决策模型的求解,建立单目标优化模型以求解优先模型中未确定的权重向量,根据求解得到的优先因子按照优先队列调整步骤进行传输队列调整.对据此开发的监测数据传输原型系统实验结果表明,所提出的技术方案可行且有效.     

Biologically induced differences in erodibility and aggregation of subtidal and intertidal sediments: a possible cause for seasonal changes in sediment deposition

This study was carried out to describe the difference in erodibility and aggregation in a tidal basin including both subtidal and intertidal study sites and to use these results to explain the shifting erosion/deposition cycles at the sites. Erosion thresholds, erosion rates and settling velocities of the eroded material were measured at a mudflat transect and at sediment cores taken from a nearby tidal channel during surveys made in May 2000 and March 2002. Surface samples were analysed for grain-size, chl. a content, faecal pellet content, dry bulk density and organic content. Additionally, surface samples were taken at eight occasions in the period January 2002 to May 2003 from shallow tidal channels in the area. These samples were analysed for mud content and showed that major shifts in sediment distribution occurred in the period. The erodibility of the mudflat was generally high due to pelletization by the mudsnail Hydrobia ulvae but close to the salt marsh much lower erodibility was found, probably due to stabilisation by microphytobenthos. In contrast, the erodibility of the channel bed seemed to be very little influenced by biological activity and the relatively low erodibility found here was caused by physical characteristics of the sediment. The sediment eroded from the mudflat was generally strongly pelletized and showed high settling velocities whereas less aggregation and lower settling velocities were found for the channel bed sediments. Temporal variations of the mudflat stability and hydrodynamics resulted in temporal variations of deposition and erosion and the changing stability at the mudflat is likely to be one of the main reasons for a general transport of fine-grained sediment from the mudflat to the channel in the cold seasons and vice versa during the rest of the year.     

An equivalent optimization problem for combined multiclass distribution,assignment and modal split which obviates symmetry restrictions

This paper presents a model for combined multiclass trip distribution, trip assignment and modal split. Although this model is based on an equivalent optimization problem, it avoids the symmetry restrictions heretofore always associated with such approaches to multiclass trip assignment. This is accomplished by expressing Wardrop's first principle as a set of nonlinear constraints in standard mathematical programming form. An algorithm is proposed, each iteration of which requires solving a nonlinear program with linear constraints.     

Spatial fisheries ecology: Recent progress and future prospects

We review recent progresses made in the study of fish distribution and survival over space — i.e., fisheries spatial ecology. This is achieved by first surveying the most common statistical approaches and relative challenges associated with the analysis of fisheries spatial data, loosely grouped in geostatistical and regression approaches. Then we review a selected number of case-studies implementing the discussed techniques. We conclude by proposing new areas of statistical and ecological research to further our understanding of how fish distribute and survive in space. This review serves a dual purpose by emphasizing the scientific importance of studying spatial interactions to better understand the temporal dynamics of fish abundance, and by promoting the development of new analytical and ecological approaches for the analysis of spatial data. Through our survey we cover different statistical techniques, marine ecosystems and life stages. This analytical, geographic and ontogenetic variety is also purposely selected to highlight the importance of comparative and multidisciplinary studies across diverging ecological disciplines, ecosystems and life stages. Besides having a general ecological relevance this review also bears a more applied significance, owing to the increasing need for protecting renewable marine resources along with their primary habitat.     

灰土挤密桩复合地基浸水载荷试验研究

以宝兰客专兰州枢纽工程某一涵洞为背景,采用灰土挤密桩处理该湿陷性黄土地基,通过现场浸水与未浸水载荷试验,分析处理后地基的效果.试验研究结果表明:经灰土挤密桩处理后,既能有效消除黄土的湿陷性,又满足规范和设计要求的复合地基承载力和沉降;浸水后地基承载力差异较小,沉降变化明显;垂直渗透深度大于水平渗透范围.