油气管道清管器的研发进展

油气管道投产和运行都需要进行清管,清管作业主要设备是清管器,但清管器种类繁多、功能不同,就需要根据清管目的合理选择清管器.首先介绍早期的清管球、聚氨酯泡沫清管器、全聚氨酯清管器的优缺点,再介绍包括普通皮碗清管器、钢刷清管器和磁性皮碗清管器在内的皮碗清管器的特点,最后对管道智能检测方面突出的漏磁法和超声波法各自特点进行了介绍.了解各种清管器特点能够为选择清管器提供指导,最后指出了清管器未来发展趋势.     

Research on visual autonomous navigation indoor for unmanned aerial vehicle

The aim of this paper is to study visual autonomous navigation of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in indoor global positioning system (GPS) denied environment. The UAV platform of the autonomous navigation flight control system is designed and built. The principle of visual localization and mapping algorithm is studied. According to the characteristics of UAV platform, the visual localization is designed and improved. Experimental results demonstrate that the UAV platform can realize the tasks of autonomous localization, navigation and mapping based on visual in unknown environments.     

Air holding problem solving with reinforcement learning to reduce airspace congestion

The Air Holding Problem Module is proposed as a decision support system to help air traffic controllers in their daily air traffic flow management. This system is developed using an Artificial Intelligence technique known as multiagent systems to organize and optimize the solutions for controllers to handle traffic flow in Brazilian airspace. In this research, the air holding problem is modeled with reinforcement learning, and a solution is proposed and applied in two case studies of the Brazilian airspace. The system can suggest more precise and realistic actions based upon past situations and knowledge of the professionals and forecast the impact of restrictive measures at the local and/or overall level. The first case study shows performance improvements in traffic flows between 8 and 47% at the local level up to 49% at the overall level. In the second case study, performance improvements were between 15 and 57% at the local level and between 41 and 48% at the overall level. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

绕Wigley船自由表面粘性流场计算

本文采用商用粘性流场求解软件COMET计算带自由液面绕Wigley船的粘性流动,网格数约为216000。计算中使用标准k-ε湍流模式和壁函数。用HRIC算法确定自由面。同时域步进法得到稳态解,计算的在傅氏数为0.30时的阻力结果与模型试验测量值吻合良好。预报的船体周围的波型及船体表面的波面形状也较合理。     

The use of digital filter initialization to diagnose the mesoscale circulation and vertical motion in the California coastal transition zone

A dynamical method of initializing the primitive equations is tested and used to diagnose the three-dimensional circulation associated with jets and eddies as found in the California coastal transition zone (CTZ). The initialization method, referred to as digital filter initialization (DFI), was recently developed by [Monthly Weather Review 120 (1992) 1019] for use in an intermittent data assimilation system in the atmosphere. The ability of DFI to recover the mesoscale ageostrophic circulation associated with finite amplitude jets and eddies in the ocean is first demonstrated using control data produced by simulations with a primitive equation model. The DFI method is then applied to synoptic hydrographic data collected during several California CTZ surveys in the summer of 1988. The diagnostic results indicate the existence of jets, eddies, and filaments in the CTZ domain with maximum horizontal currents of the order of 0.6 m/s at the surface. Currents associated with such jets and filaments are coherent to a depth of over 500 m. The surface currents associated with a prominent cool filament are generally confluent, and weakly convergent on average, along the 270 km offshore extent of the filament. Meanders in the jet display convergence and downwelling upstream of pressure troughs and divergence and upwelling downstream of the troughs. Maximum vertical velocities at 100 m are of the order of 10 m/day. This result is consistent with independent estimates of subduction rates made from biological studies in this and similar coastal filaments in the CTZ program.     

Grouping travelers on the basis of their different car and transit levels of use

Market segmentation studies in travel behavior research are ordinarily based on socioeconomic characteristics and personality traits. This study explores the usefulness of a different approach, where the actual overall mobility levels across different ground transportation modes, along with desired changes in the use of cars and transit, are used as clustering variables. Using a given mode can in fact influence the personal representation of that mode, which in turn has been proven to be a key element in transport behaviours. We form such multimodality-based clusters from two field studies, one involving employees of the French transportation research institute INRETS and the other a representative sample of residents of the US San Francisco Bay Area. We find that strong users of a given mode would like to bring more balance to their “modal consumptions” by decreasing the use of this mode more than the average, and increasing the use of the alternative mode. However, concerning ground transport travel budgets, the desire to travel more (or less) overall seems less strongly related to the composition of the modal balance. The US dataset shows also a greater latent demand for travel than the French one. Socioeconomic characteristics of the clusters could not explain the patterns that were found, confirming the importance of taking into account multimodality issues in travel behavior research. Some policy implications from these findings are finally reported.

基于有源滤波器和AT供电方式的新型同相牵引供电系统

2台YN,d接线变压器十字交叉构成的AT牵引供电系统,接线复杂,变压器容量利用率低,相邻供电区段必需用分相绝缘器分断,不利于高速铁路运行。由1台YN,d接线变压器加四桥臂有源滤波器构成的新型同相AT牵引供电系统,可以实现同相供电,取消分相绝缘器;可以节省变压器,原边中性点可方便接地;在有源滤波器的作用下,可以实现消除三相不平衡、动态滤除谐波和补偿无功,使变压器容量得到充分利用;由于采用了AT供电方式,因此可以获得综合经济性能优越的通信防护效果。仿真实验也证实了这一点。     

剪切速率对黏土不排水强度影响的试验研究

通过三轴试验和直剪试验,研究了剪切速率对于饱和黏土三轴不排水抗剪强度与固结快剪强度的影响.对于固结不排水三轴试验结果分析表明,随着剪切速率的增加,三轴固结不排水强度和内摩擦角不断增大;随着剪切速率的增加,固结直剪强度和内摩擦角不断减小;固结压力较小时,剪切初期速率对于应力应变关系的影响较小;固结压力较大时,速率的影响更显著.     

冻土与混凝土接触面直剪试验研究

为研究冻土与混凝土接触面的力学性质,利用土工粗颗粒土直剪试验系统进行一系列接触面直剪试验。试验得出的平均剪应力-水平位移曲线和垂直位移-水平位移曲线均表现出明显的分段特征。通过不同参数的对比试验,总结垂直压力、温度、含水量对接触面抗剪强度的影响,给出拟合的经验公式。提出接触面峰值抗剪强度和残余抗剪强度的原理,来解释选用不同参数时试验曲线的变化。     

工程物探技术在海域工程勘察中的应用

通过工程实例,论述了浅地层剖面探测、地震映像勘探、侧扫声纳、磁力测量等地球物理勘探技术在海域工程勘探中的部分应用,并简要分析物探方法的适用范围和缺陷。