摩擦功率优化的发动机活塞环组

立法者通过汽车排放法规确定了内燃机的发展方向.为了满足排放限值的要求,工业界对新的燃烧方法、机械效率的改善,以及新的排气后处理系统进行了研究.在由活塞、活塞环和气缸滑动表面所组成的摩擦系,即所谓的动力单元中,活塞环组具有巨大的降低燃油耗的潜力.Mahle公司得出结论,最佳的低摩擦功率活塞环组可使燃油耗降低5%.     

世界首台“智能化”主机投入使用

挪威3.7万t化学品船“Bow ceci“号的MAN B&W 6L60MC柴油主机,据称是世界上第一台正式投入使用的“智能化“主机.这是“节省燃油模式“和“低排放模式“主机,其主机燃油喷射和排气阀控制均通过计算机完成. 该主机“智能化“系统明显优于以往柴油主机“凸轮轴“系统.MAN B&W柴油机公司认为,这种“智能化“主机是该公司近10年来的研制成果,为该公司今后开发更新一代具有广泛适用性和高可靠性的“操作模式“主机铺平了道路.     

初秋“艇”装

平底沙滩鞋,麻质短裤,太阳镜,编织遮阳帽,略长款的衬衣．都可以让你初秋的游艇生活更加惬意与充满格调。     

冬季扎染

每个人的青春记忆都少不了牛仔裤,而在今年冬季,你必须跟“基本款”挥手告别!“基本款”被画上了华丽的妆容。扎染一在整个冬季张扬你的个性,自然无规则的图案让视线有些许膨胀感,提醒略胖的女生不要轻易尝试。扎染出现的纹路在视觉上会模糊,与皮质马甲、铆钉手包和尖头高跟鞋搭配都加重了硬朗的风格,弱化模糊感。     

风趣绅土

手绘动物图案、简笔画似的动物轮廓图案以及抽象的动物图案印花,都是这一季十分引人注目的印花图案趋势,好似小朋友随笔涂鸦的恐龙图案,让一件原本单调厚实的针织衫立刻生动起来。鲜艳的色彩和充满稚气的图案,令人忍俊不禁,为这个冬季的男士带来时髦的全新印象,再刻板的男士穿上它都会变得风趣起来。     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDOGENOUS OUABAIN SECRETIONFROM CULTURED BOVINE ADRENOCORTICAL CELLS

Endogenousouabain(Eo)hasbeenconsideredasacirculatingfactorthatregulatesthebodyfluidvolumebalance,urinesodiumextractionandvaso-contrictivetone,whichplaysanimportantroleinpathogenesisofhypertensionandsomecardiovas-culardisorderst12.Sinceitwasdiscoveredandiden-tifiedbyHamlynin199lt,i,severallinesofevi-dencesindicatethattheadrenalcortexisthemajorsourceofEO.Thepurposeofthisstudyistocom-parethecharacteristicsofEOsecretionwiththewell-knownadrenocorticalhormonesaldosteroneandcortisol,determinetheeff…     

融合可持续理念的交通规划方案比选方法——以亚特兰大大都市区为例

越来越多的机构开始为交通系统的可持续发展定义,并试图将这一概念融入区域交通规划过程.然而,只有极少数的区域规划机构意识到了交通系统和土地利用变化给经济、环境和社会生活质量(这三者通常被认为是可持续交通系统的三个基本方面)带来的广泛影响.首先,论述了使用多个可持续发展指标的多准则决策方法,并应用其评估亚特兰大大都市区的三...     

Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance for Application of Human-Robot Cooperative Dispensing Medicines

For safety reasons,in the automated dispensing medicines process,robots and humans cooperate to accomplish the task of drug sorting and distribution.In this dynamic unstructured environment,such as a human-robot collaboration scenario,the safety of human,robot,and equipment in the environment is paramount.In this work,a practical and effective robot motion planning method is proposed for dynamic unstructured environments.To figure out the problems of blind zones of single depth sensor and dynamic obstacle avoidance,we first propose a method for establishing offline mapping and online fusion of multi-sensor depth images and 3D grids of the robot workspace,which is used to determine the occupation states of the 3D grids occluded by robots and obstacles and to conduct real-time estimation of the minimum distance between the robot and obstacles.Then,based on the reactive control method,the attractive and repulsive forces are calculated and transformed into robot joint velocities to avoid obstacles in real time.Finally,the robot's dynamic obstacle avoidance ability is evaluated on an experimental platform with a UR5 robot and two KinectV2 RGB-D sensors,and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.     

可持续交通——各方观点和长期挑战

从交通研究者和实践者的角度出发,以可持续交通这一概念为中心展开讨论。可持续交通宽泛地反映了可持续发展在交通领域的原则。随着可持续性这一概念的外延逐渐扩大,在它的定义、应用和价值取向上出现了不同观点。着重讨论可持续交通,以及如何理解和运用可持续交通,包括:1)将可持续性或者可持续发展作为一个整体的概念,包括关于可持续性的不同方法和定义之间的冲突;2)对可持续交通以及交通领域对其理解的探索;3)使用指标来实现可持续性的应用。然后识别了通往可持续交通之路的若干挑战,包括缺乏清晰定义、可持续性的固有冲突、可持续发展的跨领域本质、各种工作框架和指标体系、可持续发展的政治因素和交通领域实践中的不同观点。基于在该课题上的研究积累,总结解决这些问题的工作框架,提出因地制宜、注重结果、整体的方法来解决可持续交通中的挑战。