通信设备用阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的维护和管理

从维护和管理的角度出发,对影响蓄电池寿命的因素进行了分析,对如何提高电池的使用寿命进行了探讨,并根据日常的一些维护经验,对蓄电池的维护提出了建议。     

轿车车身静态刚度计算及静态竖直弯曲刚度优化分析

采用UG软件建立了某国产轿车白车身静态分析有限元模型，计算并验证了其主要工况下的静态扭转特性，并进行了轿车车身静态弯曲挠度关于板单元厚度的灵敏度计算分析。针对分析结果进行了具体加强刚度的优化设计。     

遗传算法在五连杆悬架优化中的应用

针对五连杆悬架的特点，运用多体系统动力学的理论建立了悬架的运动学分析模型，基于遗传算法开发了优化器的核心单元，并解决了它们之间的通讯和协调问题以实现在车轮上下跳动过程中车轮外倾角的运动学特性变化量与目标值之间的偏差最小作为优化设计的目标，说明了遗传算法在五连杆悬架优化中的应用。应用这种优化体系对某型轿车五连杆悬架进行了实例优化分析。     

公路投资项目风险分析与评价

通常公路项目投资比较大、寿命期长，并且存在一些不确定性。在公路项目投资前项目评价时，考虑项目风险是很有必要的。本构建了一个基于风险分析的公路项目评价模型，对现有的公路项目评价模型进行修正，采用层次分析法(AHP)标定模型中的权重参数，及蒙特卡洛模拟技术模拟计算公路投资项目可行性研究评价指标的概率分布。这样可以更加客观地、合理地判断公路项目在经济上的可行性。     

Hub location with flow economies of scale

A characteristic feature of hub and spoke networks is the bundling of flows on the interhub links. This agglomeration of flows leads to reduced travel costs across the interhub links. Current models of hub location do not adequately model the scale economies of flow that accrue due to the agglomeration of flows. This paper shows that current hub location models, by assuming flow-independent costs, not only miscalculate total network cost, but may also erroneously select optimal hub locations and allocations. The model presented in this paper more explicitly models the scale economies that are generated on the interhub links and in doing so provides a more reliable model representation of the reality of hub and spoke networks.     

Spatial Dynamics of Multibody Tracked Vehicles Part II: Contact Forces and Simulation Results

In this part of the paper, three dimensional computational capabilities, that includes significant details, are developed for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of large scale spatial tracked vehicles. Three dimensional nonlinear contact force models that describe the interaction between the track links and the vehicle components such as the rollers, sprockets, and idlers as well as the interaction between the track links and the ground are developed and used to define the generalized contact forces associated with the vehicle generalized coordinates. Tangential friction and contact forces are developed in order to maintain the stability of the track motion and avoid the slippage of the track or its rotation as a rigid body. Body and surface coordinate systems are introduced in order to define the spatial contact conditions. The nonlinear equations of motion of the tracked vehicle are solved using the velocity transformation procedure developed in the first part of this paper. This procedure is used in order to obtain a minimum set of differential equations, and avoid the use of the iterative Newton-Raphson algorithm. A computer simulation of a tracked vehicle that consists of one hundred and six bodies and has one hundred and sixteen degrees of freedom is presented in order to demonstrate the use of the formulations presented in this study.     

Spatial Dynamics of Multibody Tracked Vehicles Part I: Spatial Equations of Motion

In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic equations of motion of the three dimensional multibody tracked vehicle systems are developed, taking into consideration the degrees of freedom of the track chains. To avoid the solution of a system of differential and algebraic equations, the recursive kinematic equations of the vehicle are expressed in terms of the independent joint coordinates. In order to take advantage of sparse matrix algorithms, the independent differential equations of the three dimensional tracked vehicles are obtained using the velocity transformation method. The Newton-Euler equations of the vehicle components are defined and used to obtain a sparse matrix structure for the system dynamic equations which are represented in terms of a set of redundant coordinates and the joint forces. The acceleration solution obtained by solving this system of equations is used to define the independent joint accelerations. The use of the recursive equations eliminates the need of using the iterative Newton-Raphson algorithm currently used in the augmented multibody formulations. The numerical difficulties that result from the use of such augmented formulations in the dynamic simulations of complex tracked vehicles are demonstrated. In this investigation, the tracked vehicle system is assumed to consist of three kinematically decoupled subsystems. The first subsystem consists of the chassis, the rollers, the sprockets, and the idlers, while the second and third subsystems consist of the tracks which are modeled as closed kinematic chains that consist of rigid links connected by revolute joints. The singular configurations of the closed kinematic chains of the tracks are also avoided by using a penalty function approach that defines the constraint forces at selected secondary joints of the tracks. The kinematic relationships of the rollers, idlers, and sprockets are expressed in terms of the coordinates of the chassis and the independent joint degrees of freedom, while the kinematic equations of the track links of a track chain are expressed in terms of the coordinates of a selected base link on the chain as well as the independent joint degrees of freedom. Singularities of the transformations of the base bodies are avoided by using Euler parameters. The nonlinear three dimensional contact forces that describe the interaction between the vehicle components as well as the results of the numerical simulations are presented in the second part of this paper.     

浅析连续箱梁设计中的几个问题

结合工程实际,对连续箱梁设计计算中常遇到的几个棘手问题进行定量分析,并给出工程中实际可用的计算方法。     

温度与振动耦合作用下青藏铁路路基沉降可靠性分析

为探究青藏铁路多年冻土区路基不均匀沉降变形趋势规律的工程问题,定量研究环境温度和行车振动耦合作用对路基沉降变形所产生的影响。基于青藏铁路沿线590个测点近118个月现场检测数据进行计算分析,以环境温度、行车振动应力、时间为输入变量,路基沉降值为输出数据,建立路基沉降变形规律的多元线性回归模型。通过对回归模型的统计分析,推导出路基沉降变形预测值的分布形式。在既定失效阈值和随机失效阈值情况下,分别给出青藏铁路路基可靠性评价计算方法,并计算出青藏铁路未来50 a行车安全可靠度预测值。研究结果表明：线性回归模型拟合优度显著,路基高度沉降幅值与外界气温、行车振动应力、时间均呈负相关,与实际工况相符。环境温度引发路基冻胀融沉现象,长期动力荷载以及时间作用下的累积变形产生路基沉陷,均对路基可靠性产生削弱作用。工程养护可着眼于适当的增强路基土的冻结能力,发生严重病害时实行列车减速减重。研究成果可为高原地带多年冻土区路基养护提供参考依据。