Risk and return of U.S. water transportation stocks over time and over bull and bear market conditions

The aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of water transportation company stock returns in the U.S. stock exchanges from 1985 to 1994 in order to determine whether the systematic risk of this industry is different from that of the 'average' company in the market, whether it has changed over the ten year period, over bull and bear market conditions, and whether there is a firm 'size' effect in the industry. In the context of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (Capm), we find that the systematic risk of the shipping industry return is not different from that of the 'average' company. It is also found that the covariance of water transportation companies with respect to the overall stock market return did not change over the ten year period although it appears that it has changed over normal upward/downward market movements. There is also reasonable evidence that the intercept of the equation might have changed over normal upward/downward market movements. Finally, we document contradictory evidence regarding the size effect; during the period 1985-1989 we find small companies to have significantly higher returns and risk while during the period 1990-1994 medium size companies tend to have higher risk than small and large firms, which is not however compensated by higher returns.     

驼峰自动化控制系统的改进

驼峰自动化控制系统对铁路编组能力的提高有重要作用。分析了驼峰自动化控制系统在使用中暴露出的一些问题及采取的有效措施，指出了亟待解决的问题和改进方向。     

基于IPSec的CBTC数据安全传输技术的研究

在研究基于通信的列车控制系统(CBTC)数据传输模式基础上,分析数据传输过程中可能受到的各种安全威胁,提出基于IPSec协议的接入保护方式。IPSec使用严格的密码认证协议及加密算法来保证IP通信的完整性和保密性,能有效地提高数据传输的安全性。     

运用「三修」理念铺就优质线路

新乡工务段对线路维修管理实行“修养”分开,深化“天窗修”管理,将影响设备稳定的作业项目全部纳入“天窗”点内实施;强力推行作业“零”误差理念和“一、二、三”线路检查法,精细打造“零缺陷”线路;针对线路局部道床板结、连接零件损伤、几何尺寸超限等趋向性病害,实施“单项修”,提高线路的平顺度;加大站专线设备的人力和物力投入,对管内站专线设备进行“拉网式”检查,建立“站专线设备问题库”,使正线与站专线设备质量得到均衡提高。     

Biologically induced modification of seawater viscosity in the Eastern English Channel during a Phaeocystis globosa spring bloom

To identify the potential relationship between Pheaocystis globosa bloom conditions and seawater properties, a hydrobiological survey was performed in the inshore waters of the Eastern English Channel over the course of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Chlorophyll concentration, auto- and hetero/mixotrophic composition of protists and standing stock, and seawater viscosity were measured weekly from March to June 2004. The decline of the bloom is characterized by a massive foam formation in the turbulent surf zone. Before foam formation, seawater viscosity significantly increased, showing a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll concentration. In contrast, after foam formation this correlation was negative, seawater viscosity kept increasing despite a sharp decrease in chlorophyll concentrations. No significant correlation has been found between seawater viscosity and the composition of the phytoplankton assemblages observed during the survey. However, significant positive correlations have been found between seawater viscosity and both the size and the abundance of P. globosa colonies. From the correlation patterns observed between chlorophyll concentration and seawater viscosity, we suggest that the rheological properties of seawater are mainly driven by extracellular materials associated with colony formation and maintenance rather than by cell composition and standing stock.     

Driver steering and muscle activity during a lane-change manoeuvre

The article reports an experimental study of driver steering control behaviour in a lane-change manoeuvre. Eight test subjects were instrumented with electromyography to measure muscle activation and co-contraction. Each subject completed 30 lane-change manoeuvres with one vehicle on a fixed-base driving simulator. For each driver, the steering torque feedback characteristic was changed after every ten manoeuvres; the response of the vehicle to steering angle inputs was not changed. Drivers' control strategies were found to be robust to changes in steering torque feedback. Path-following errors, muscle activity and muscle co-contraction all reduce with the number of lane-changes performed by the driver, suggesting the existence of a learning process. Comparing the test subjects, there was some evidence that high levels of co-contraction were used to allow high-frequency steering inputs to be generated. The results contribute to the understanding of vehicle-driver (and more generally, human-machine) dynamic interaction.     

铁路货运合同若干问题研究(续)

由于铁路货运合同自身的特点，当事人对合同每一个细节进行协商是很难的，也是不经济的。从便利当事人、节约谈判成本、提高合同效率的角度出发，各国一般采取两种办法解决大量的合同谈判基础问题：①由服务提供方制定标准合同文本，通过格式合同的形式减少协商的过程，提高签订合同的效率；②通过国家立法的形式，直接规定当事人的权利和义务。前者市场的成份较多，     

Evasive manoeuvres with a steering robot

In the pursuit of an objective rating on vehicle stability performance, it is always desirable to reduce disturbances and inconsistencies during experimental evaluations, especially the ones introduced by human drivers. This paper presents the development of a steering robot designed for closed-loop steering tasks during evasive manoeuvres. It describes the controller structure and discusses experimental results, in addition to simulation/vehicle model verifications and theoretical control analysis.     

城市混凝土道路常见裂缝的成因分析与防治

该文将造成混凝土路面开裂的原因进行归类分析,并提出了相应的预防措施和几种常用的治理方法。     

16000 DWT成品油船快速性能改进研究

文章对现有16000 DWT油船进行了研究分析,提出增设球艏,对船舶艉型进行改进,寻求桨舵合理配合等多个可行性方案,并进行分析比较及模型试验研究.研究结果表明:尾部线型局部优化改型,节能效果最为明显,所需功率降低23%左右.在相同主机功率下,改型艉方案较原型方案航速可提高0.8 kn.舵型改型也有较好的效果,新设计的高效鱼艉组合舵与原舵相比,船舶所需功率降低约4%,在相同主机功率下,航速可提高0.17 kn,桨舵配合优化取得了较好的结果.本船由于航速较低,兴波阻力在总阻力中所占比例较小,加装球艏意义不大.本船采用"改型艉 改型舵"方案,在相同航速下,主机功率可以节省约27%;在相同主机功率下,航速可提高0.98 kn.