液舱晃荡对船舶横摇运动影响的数值研究

为了研究加载液舱在船舶航行时舱内液体晃荡对船体横摇运动的影响,对船体外流场(波浪场)与液舱内流场(液体非线性晃荡)分别采用势流理论方法计算,建立了在波浪中船体与液舱流体晃荡耦合的时域运动方程。其中波浪中船体水动力和时延函数采用三维频域法和脉冲响应函数法计算获得,舱内液体非线性晃荡采用时域边界元法计算。对横浪中加载了方形液舱的15000GT集装箱船在不同液舱装载深度工况下,就液舱流体晃荡及其与船体运动耦合分别进行了计算模拟与验证。研究表明,耦合运动模拟结果能清晰地反映液舱晃荡对船体横摇运动的影响,数值结果与试验吻合良好,并具有较高的计算效率。     

复合材料剪切圆柱壳在轴压下的屈曲与后屈曲

给出了非对称正交铺层剪切圆柱壳广义Donnell型大挠度方程,并运用位移型摄动技术构造出该圆柱壳在轴压作用下的后屈曲渐近级数解.为保证边值问题摄动解的一致性,本文研究了边界效应对中短圆柱壳的影响,亦即运用奇异摄动技术详细分析了该圆柱壳端部边界层方程和奇异摄动解.并讨论了横向剪切变形、Batdorf数、弹性模量比和初始几何缺陷对圆柱壳屈曲与后屈曲性态的影响.比较显示,横向剪切变形对圆柱壳的屈曲与后屈曲有重要影响.     

基于SQP优化和上限法的倾斜荷载下条形浅基础极限承载力计算

对均质地基岩土体上条形基础承受倾斜荷载的情况,根据线性破坏准则和相关联流动法则,利用极限分析中的机动法,构建了一个承受倾斜荷载作用的条形浅基础的二维机动许可破坏模式.根据外力功率与内部耗能相等原理获得极限承载力的目标表达式,并把其转化成了一个求含有非线性约束的极限承载力上限解最小值问题计算模型.应用MATLAB软件平台,对建立的计算模型采用序列二次规划法(SQP法)进行了承载力上限解优化求解.研究结果表明:极限上限分析结合优化理论SQP法适用于该问题的求解;荷载的倾斜程度对条形基础地基承载力影响较大;相同计算参数条件下,构造刚性块较少的简单的相容速度场也能够求得较为精确的数值,因而计算的速度和效率也将得到大幅提高;影响参数分析表明,计算参数取值对极限承载力量值具有非线性影响且权重存在差别,将结果与已有文献资料进行了分析比较,所得结果较前人研究成果有一定改进.     

基于植被生态需水的隧道排水量确定方法研究

隧道地下水大量渗漏易造成洞顶影响范围内生态环境破坏,针对如何确定合适涌渗水量以确保生态平衡问题,引入生态学、农学中有关植被生态需水概念,通过调研分析确定隧址区植被所允许的最大地下水位降深,结合地下水动力学方法以及经验公式,确定隧道涌渗水后地下水达到最大降深时疏干漏斗范围及体积;并通过疏干漏斗体积、涌渗水量以及储水系数关系确定隧道所允许排放的最大水量.结合算例并与实际工程中设计排水量进行对比,在考虑隧址区实际工程地质、水文地质条件情况下,所提出方法计算得出的排水标准与实际工程接近.该方法能够达到隧道工程与地下水环境生态平衡,可为隧道建设提供参考.     

广州地铁14号线全刚构桥梁设计关键技术

根据广州地铁14号线高架线桥梁景观和绿色建造的总体设计目标,全线标准段采用4×40m无支座单薄壁墩连续刚构桥、预制节段拼装施工的绿色建造技术。为适应温度及收缩徐变作用,桥梁根据桥高调整联长及跨度。设计研究确定分离边墩连续刚构桥梁刚度标准、节段拼装桥梁强度验算方法;通过先简支再连续后固结的成桥工序,释放预应力二次力对边墩的作用。斜跨路段采用大跨度曲线Y形刚构桥,有效降低大跨度桥梁梁高;薄壁边墩后固结,改善梁端刚度。上部结构Y形三角刚架区采用满堂支架或钢管支架施工,通过控制支架刚度,避免施工阶段次内力锁定在斜腿刚构内,保证初始线型满足设计要求。     

船用便携式隔离放大器盒故障诊断装置的设计与实现

船用隔离放大器盒负责采集推进电机的前、后电枢电流信号进行处理,从而平衡电机的电枢电流,以保证电机的平稳运行。本文通过分析隔离放大器盒的特性,研制出一种便携式隔离放大器盒故障诊断装置。经试验证明,该装置体积小、操作方便、故障定位准确,能实现故障的船员级修理,提高故障判定速度。     

共享单车现金奖励调度策略的用户接受意愿研究

为探讨共享单车用户在不同影响因素下对现金奖励调度策略的接受程度,设定了针对共享单车用户的调查问卷,并在济南市进行了调查,得到519份有效问卷。基于扩展的计划行为理论（Extended Theory of Planned Behavior, ETPB）模型和相关结构方程模型（Structural Equation Model, SEM）,设定了社会规范、支付能力、体力、感知服务、感知绿色价值5个构念以及5个相关假定,以测度不同奖励调度情境下共享单车用户对奖励策略的接受程度。结果显示,支付能力和体力对用户接受调度的影响程度最大,其次是社会规范和感知服务,感知绿色价值的影响程度最小。在此基础之上,提出了增大站点密度、实行现金奖励及提高车辆质量等建议,以降低运营成本、提升用户满意度与车辆使用率。     

Compensation of pressure enthalpy effects on temperature fields for throttling of high-pressure real gas

For the pressure enthalpy of high pressure pneumatics, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation based on ideal gas assumption fails to obtain the real temperature information. Therefore, we propose a method to compensate the pressure enthalpy of throttling for CFD simulation based on ideal gas assumption. Firstly, the pressure enthalpy is calculated for the pressure range of 0.101 to 30 MPa and the temperature range of 190 to 298 K based on Soave-Redlich-Kwong (S-R-K) equation. Then, a polynomial fitting equation is applied to practical application in the above mentioned range. The basic idea of the compensation method is to convert the pressure enthalpy difference between inlet air and nodes into the compensation temperature. In the above temperature and pressure range, the compensated temperature is close to the real one, and the relative temperature drop error is below 10%. This error is mainly caused by the velocity difference of the orifice between the real and ideal gas models. Finally, this compensation method performs an icing analysis for practical high pressure slide pilot valve.     

Effect of orthogonal stiffeners on the stability of axially compressed steel jacking pipe

Load conditions for steel pipe-jacking are complex during the construction stage. The stability of steel jacking pipe has been an increasingly important problem as jacking forces, pipe diameters and jacking distances increase. However, there are no standards for pipe reinforcement, for prevention of buckling, or for remedying pipe that buckles when being jacked axially. Past experience suggests that stiffeners can effectively reinforce the structure. This study analyzes the effect of different stiffeners on the stability of steel jacking pipe under axial compression using finite element analysis. The results suggest that the stability of steel jacking pipe can be significantly improved by using orthogonal stiffeners, in terms of engineering costs and construction space inside the pipe. Based on current engineering practice, the application of orthogonal stiffeners is discussed. This study provides a useful reference for the design and construction of steel jacking pipe.     

Uncertainty analysis of value for money assessment for public-private partnership projects

In recent years, private sectors are encouraged to take an active part in franchising of urban infrastructure investments and operations, which promotes the rapid development of public-private partnership (PPP) in infrastructure and public service supply. Value for money (VFM) assessment has been officially proposed to provide a reference for selection of projects planning to adopt PPP. Based on the bottlenecks of VFM application in China and the uncertainties for urban infrastructure PPP projects, a discounted cash flow (DCF) model is established for VFM of infrastructure PPP projects. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation model is established on the basis of uncertainty factors for VFM. Through the analysis of Huai’an trams PPP project, coping strategies of uncertainties for VFM are put forward. Findings of the research may propel the establishment of a complete VFM evaluation system for PPP projects. Key instructional functions of VFM during the process of decision-making can be brought into full play and PPP may develop orderly.