湍流入口条件对CFD计算结果影响的数值分析

在计算流体力学软件FLUENT中,包含有很多计算模型,对于不同的问题需要采用一种较好的模型进行解决,目前较为广泛使用的湍流模型是k-ε二方程模型.本文基于CFD软件,应用k-ε二方程湍流模型对细长体绕流问题进行数值模拟计算,进而比较湍流模型中湍流参数的设置对计算结果的影响.通过模拟计算得到的湍流强度(%)Ⅰ及粘性比的取值范围有较好的适应性;水下片体间存在有利干扰和不利干扰,采用k-ε二方程湍流模型计算双体的互相干扰是可行的.     

基于垂直线阵无源定位的可观测性研究

提出了一种基于垂直线阵的系统,给出了定位模型,并简要介绍了其定位原理.利用由时延间接引入的距离、高低角和观测得到的方位角信息,建立了三维坐标系下的状态方程和观测方程.仿真分析了基线长度和时延精度对定位精度的影响.利用非线性系统的可观测性定理分析了该系统,得出了系统可观测的条件.     

舰船噪声源近场聚焦波束形成定位方法

阐述了船噪声源近场聚焦波束形成定位方法,给出舰船辐射噪声的近场范围,并使用MVDR方法针对单频信号进行了仿真计算。计算结果表明,对于线谱声源情况,在声源频率较高的情况下,该方法定位效果较好;在声源频率较低的情况下,该方法定位效果很差。     

基于加权最小二乘法的武器装备批量生产成本费用研究

加权最小二乘法考虑了现实情况下普遍存在的异方差性,在经济预测中有着更为广泛的应用。在系统研究我国武器装备批量生产规律和状况的基础上,结合计量经济的相关理论,提出基于加权最小二乘法的费用预测模型,并辅以实例进行分析,结果表明,该方法移植性好,由于消除了异方差性的影响,模型的拟合和预测性能较一般最小二乘法更佳。     

初始缺陷对耐压圆柱壳结构极限承载力的影响

为了考察初始缺陷、材料等因素对耐压圆柱壳结构极限承载力的影响,本文利用ANSYS有限元软件构造模型对耐压圆柱壳结构进行模拟．研究了缺陷幅值在一定范围内变化时,初始缺陷对耐压圆柱壳极限承载力的影响,并将有限元计算结果与理论计算结果进行比较,讨论了材料的改变对极限承载力的影响．初始缺陷幅值不会改变耐压圆柱壳结构的失稳模态,且对结构极限承载力的影响有限,但材料的改进对提高结构极限承载力的效果显著．     

钙钛矿型La（0.3）Ca（0.7）FeO3的制备及其电化学性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法制备了钙钛矿型复合氧化物La0.3Ca0.7FeO3,并用X-射线衍射分析,扫描电镜,X-射线能谱仪对纳米晶体的晶型、晶粒大小、形貌及组成进行表征.用乙炔黑为载体制备功能氧电极,采用三电极体系,测试循环伏安曲线.结果表明：800℃焙烧2 h得到完整的晶体,晶体粒子大小均匀,粒径为17.9 nm,为菱形晶系;同时该氧电极具有明显的电催化特性.     

半潜船概率破舱稳性浅析

应用国际通用的概率破舱稳性理论对半潜船的分舱情况和破舱稳性进行初步分析.通过大量计算研究舱室垂向水平分隔限制、初始装载状态和边舱几何形状对分舱指数A的关系及影响,得到相关要素间的关系曲线图表和船舶设计指导原则.结合一艘半潜船破舱稳件概率方法的计算实例.针对概率衡准(SOLAS)做出计算结果的理论解释.最后给出半潜船的设计要素,对船舶设计初期指导压载水舱划分和评价概率破舱稳性具有参考价值.     

船舶电力推进同步发电机-推进变流器系统谐波特性仿真

对船舶电力推进用同步发电机-推进变流器系统的电压畸变进行了量化分析,建立了该系统的Matlab/Simulink仿真模型,对负载为线性和非线性的两种工况进行了仿真分析,从而确定同步发电机-推进变流器系统中的谐波特性,并针对系统中存在的谐波提出了抑制总谐波及单次谐波畸变的方法.最后,对比分析了仿真谐波畸变值和IEEE标准中规定的畸变值.     

起重船吊重跌落后的动静稳性分析

吊重跌落是起重船作业中可能遇到的严重事故.研究了吊重跌落这种极限载况对起重船舶浮态、静稳性及动稳性等性能的影响.首先建立冲击外力矩作用下船舶横摇运动数学模型,对不同旋转角度下吊重跌落后船舶横摇运动进行仿真.其次介绍BV规范和RINA规范对起重船作业过程中吊重跌落后的稳性衡准要求.最后以某实际起重船为例,分别计算两种典型载况下吊重跌落前后船舶的浮态变化和静稳性校核,实现了吊重跌落后该船的横摇运动仿真.计算结果可为该类工程船的合理设计与安全作业提供理论依据.     

Air pollution history elucidated from anthropogenic spherules and their magnetic signatures in marine sediments offshore of Southwestern Taiwan

Kaohsiung City and its neighborhood in the southwestern coastal plain of Taiwan have suffered serious air pollution since the region became the largest center for heavy-industry on the island. In order to unravel the air pollution history of the region, four ²¹⁰Pb- and ¹³⁷Cs-dated sediment box cores recovered in 2006 from offshore of this area were chosen for magnetic and petrographic analyses. The data were used to distinguish changes in concentration, composition and grain size of magnetic particles in the sediments due to inputs of anthropogenic magnetic spherules. Sedimentation rates have been reasonably constant for the last one hundred years, except at the core tops which were affected by a turbidite layer induced by a typhoon in 2005. Down-core profiles of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (χ) and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) are similar among the cores, and reflect similar trends to magnetic spherule counts. This reveals that χ and SIRM of modern marine sediments can be used as air pollution indicators for nearby industrialized upwind areas. The studied record indicates that industrialization of the area was gradual during 1950–1980 and boomed afterward, resulting in a high production of airborne magnetic spherules, which is consistent with evidence for poor air quality at that time. Optical and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) surveys of magnetic extracts indicate that the magnetic spherules have grain sizes ranging from a few micrometers up to 50 μm and consist mainly of iron oxides with variable Si, Al, and Ca contents. X-ray diffraction analysis on magnetic extracts from different depths in the cores further indicates that magnetite and pyrrhotite, which are derived from terrigenous detritus, form the magnetic constituents of the sediments before the area was industrialized. In contrast, during the industrial boom, anthropogenic magnetite and hematite spherules became the dominant magnetic particles in the sediments. Down-core profiles of hard isothermal remanent magnetization (HIRM) below the turbidite layer also reveal similar trends to the corresponding magnetic spherule counts, which indicate that the concentration of hematite in the sediments is also closely related to the extent of air pollution. In addition, relatively low values of χ_ARM/χ, which are indicative of coarse magnetic grains, started to occur when large magnetite spherules became significant during the industrialized period. The air pollution history elucidated from our sediment core data not only reflects the development of Kaohsiung from a small village to a highly industrialized metropolitan area in the 20th century, but it is also consistent with the most recent air pollution trends revealed by real time air quality measurements of PM₁₀. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of magnetic parameters for delineating the air pollution history of coastal marine sediments down-wind of nearby industrialized regions.