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391.
In a variety of applications of traffic flow, including traffic simulation, real-time estimation and prediction, one requires a probabilistic model of traffic flow. The usual approach to constructing such models involves the addition of random noise terms to deterministic equations, which could lead to negative traffic densities and mean dynamics that are inconsistent with the original deterministic dynamics. This paper offers a new stochastic model of traffic flow that addresses these issues. The source of randomness in the proposed model is the uncertainty inherent in driver gap choice, which is represented by random state dependent vehicle time headways. A wide range of time headway distributions is allowed. From the random time headways, counting processes are defined, which represent cumulative flows across cell boundaries in a discrete space and continuous time conservation framework. We show that our construction implicitly ensures non-negativity of traffic densities and that the fluid limit of the stochastic model is consistent with cell transmission model (CTM) based deterministic dynamics. 相似文献
392.
393.
基于Bayes判别方法,选取水化学常量组分作为判别指标,利用叙岭关隧道地区9个动态监测点的53个水样样本建立了该地区的水源判别模型.模型检验结果表明,其回判准确率为96.23%,具有较高的识别精度和工程推广能力.利用建立的判别模型,对叙岭关隧道1号溶洞内两个出水点RQ1和RQ2的水源进行了识别,并结合其流量动态变化特征、同位素分析结果,以及1号溶洞发育位置,推断1号溶洞内两个出水点的水源为P1m+q含水层中的岩溶地下水.根据判别结果,建议1号溶洞采取“以排为主”的原则加以处治,并尽量保留溶洞水的过水通道. 相似文献
394.
桃树坪隧道穿越富水粉细砂地层,施工难度很大,尤其是斜井进正洞的挑高段施工风险更高.通过对四种方案在施工工序、支护形式及体系转换等方面的比选,最后选择采用导洞爬高进入正洞双侧壁导洞高度进行导洞施工、后进行中间部分施工的设计方案,顺利完成了隧道施工.文章详细介绍了四种比选方案及方案实施效果. 相似文献
395.
伴随我国经济和航运事业的快速发展,船舶营运造成了我国海洋环境的严重破坏,但我国防治船舶海洋污染法律制度的建设却严重滞后。在充分考量我国防治船舶海洋污染法律制度的现状的基础上,借鉴美国在相关法律制度建设上的立法经验,对我国防治船舶海洋污染法律制度的建设提出建议与对策。 相似文献
396.
397.
Zhibin Li Wei WangPan Liu David R. Ragland 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2012,17(3):256-261
This study investigates the impacts of physical environments on bicyclists’ perceptions of comfort on separated and on-street bicycle facilities. Based on a field investigation conducted in Nanjing, China, we find that physical environmental factors significantly influencing bicyclists’ perception of comfort on the two types of facility. Cyclists’ comfort is mainly influenced by the road geometry and surrounding conditions on physically separated paths while they pay attention to the effective riding space and traffic situations on on-street bicycle lanes. 相似文献
398.
399.
With the growth of maritime transportation, seaports have become critical to the world economy as linking nodes between shipping and inland transport. However, the port system is fragile under certain unconventional emergency events. This study addresses the issue of investment on disaster prevention within the port competition context. The present model discusses and compares four situations of different relationships and strategies of pre-disaster prevention between two adjacent ports. Results indicate that both ports increase the disaster prevention investment under the cooperation scenario compared with that in the case of non-cooperation wherein they are complementary ports. Meanwhile, a numerical simulation is conducted to examine the collective and individual rationality of both ports. Although cooperation strategy decreases the total risk cost of two ports, one of the two ports may profit, whereas the other may suffer losses. 相似文献
400.
Wei X.Liu X.Duan Y.Feng J.Qiao N.Guo L. 《现代隧道技术》2018,(3):220-228
Water-sealed underground oil tank projects are quite different from traditional underground projects since the water-sealing conditions are very strict and the difficulties caused by the geological specificity, structural specificity and construction specificity are key factors affecting the project. In light of the significant early initial setting time and rapid temperature increase of sulphoaluminate cement-based grouting material for a large domestic water-sealed underground oil tank with pressurized cyclic grouting, a laboratory grouting simulation is conducted. It is found that the properties of the sulphoaluminate cement-based grouting material are quite different under different pressure cycles, the hydration exothermic peak time gets shorter with an increase of circulation time, the compressive strength decreases with an increase of circulation time, and the longer the circulation time the more obvious the de-crease of compressive strength. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved. 相似文献