蛇床子素对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩性能的影响

蛇床子素和维拉帕米对缩宫素、ＫＣｌ、高Ｋ＋除极化后Ｃａ２＋诱导大鼠离休子宫平滑肌收缩均产生抑制作用，对ＣａＣｌ２累积量效曲线均呈非竞争性拮抗效应，ｐＤ＇２（拮抗多数）分别为３．９±０．１５和７．４５±０．１；１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ蛇床子素和０．０８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ维拉帕米显著抑制缩宫素诱导依赖细胞内Ｃａ２＋收缩反应，对依赖细胞外Ｃａ２＋的收缩均无明显影响。提示蛇床子素对子宫平滑肌的抑制作用类似维拉帕米，与拮抗Ｃａ２＋有关，且主要通过抑制平滑肌细胞膜上电位依赖性Ｃａ２＋通道和影响胞内Ｃａ２＋释放所致。     

加宽路基压实方法的选择

为保证强夯工程的效果，提高高填方路基不均匀沉降机理的理论水平，开展“强夯法对加宽高填方路基承栽力和不均匀沉降控制”这一课题研究很有必要，其结果将对强夯法地基处理技术起到补充和完善的作用，并且将会进一步拓宽强夯法的应用范围。     

南京地铁线网指挥模式研究

南京地铁在＂十二五＂规划期间陆续开通多条线路,为使南京地铁调度指挥更加合理、有序,文章从调度指挥架构、人员编制、主要工作职责等方面对上海、广州、深圳的地铁线网指挥模式进行分析,提出建设符合南京特色的＂4＋1＂线网运作指挥模式。     

宽带氧传感器用于发动机失火检测的研究

介绍了一种使用宽带氧传感器进行发动机失火检测的方法,在发动机各种工况下对该方法的有效性进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,使用氧传感器信号的差分信号可以更清楚地从正常燃烧中辨别出失火,差分信号波动的幅值可作为失火检测的监测参数.由于氧传感器的反应速度随发动机转速的增加而增加,因而该方法可以检测高速(5 500 r/min)工况下发生的失火.     

充电桩产业发展的模式探索——以城市交通企业发展充电桩产业为例

在政府对电动汽车产业的大力推动下,我国电动汽车产业已步入快速发展期,作为电动汽车基础配套设施建设的充电桩也呈井喷式增长,未来充电桩设施建设将会成为交通企业产业链的重要环节,本文就充电桩产业发展现状和城市交通企业进军充电产业模式进行简要分析和研究。     

Neural network-based fuel consumption estimation for container ships in Korea

ABSTRACT

Due to the outstanding strength of advanced machine-learning techniques, they have become increasingly common in predictive studies in recent years, particularly in predicting ship energy performance. In constructing predictive models, prior studies have mostly employed vessels’ technical parameters to establish machine-learning algorithms. To bridge this research gap and enable wider applications, this paper presents the design of a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP ANN) as a machine-learning technique to estimate ship fuel consumption. We utilized the real operational data from 100–143 container ships to estimate fuel consumption for five different container ships grouped by size. We compared the performance of two ANN models and two multiple-regression models. Four input parameters (sailing time, speed, cargo weight, and capacity) were included in the first ANN and the first regression model, while the other two models only consider two inputs from physical function. The mean absolute percentage error of the ANN models with four inputs was the smallest and less than those in extended statistical models, demonstrating the MLP’s superiority over the statistical model. The MLP ANN model can thus be applied to confirm the effectiveness of the slow-steaming method for achieving energy efficiency.     

Application of a real-coded genetic algorithm for the fitting of a ship hull surface through a single non-uniform B-spline surface

In digital ship-design processes, surface modeling needs to be as accurate as possible for effectiveness in ship production as well as numerical analysis of the performance. Traditionally, the form of a ship hull is constructed from a set of cross-sectional data. This approach entails difficulties in the cross-sectional spacing and accuracy of the characteristic curves, such as the stern and bow profiles, deck side line, bottom tangential line, and unconnected curves. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have attracted increasing attention as a multimodal optimization solution for surface reconstruction that enable construction of a single non-uniform B-spline (NUB) surface at the initial stage of ship design with constraints such as knuckles, discontinuity conditions, and bulbous bows with high curvatures, . The first, simultaneous multi-fitting GA determines the boundary curves, such as the stem and stern profiles, and finds the common knot values for both curves. Similarly, the same GA technique is applied for other boundary curves at the bottom and the deck. The second GA is employed to fit the interior data points after the boundary curves are fitted. The encoded design variables for surface construction are the locations of the vertices and the knot values. Those variables are modified for improving the surface quality until a predefined degree of precision is attained. In four instances of application, the GA technique developed in this research has been shown to provide good, single, NUB surfaces with high efficiency. In the early design stage, a single NUB surface is more convenient for performance visualization and finite-element methods. It can be readily translated into many CAD/CAM packages, which facilitate the smooth transition of data across the different design stages.     

Response of the Black Sea mean level to atmospheric pressure and wind forcing

The response of the Black Sea mean level to atmospheric pressure (AP) and wind forcing is investigated using 5 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P hereafter) data. A coherence analysis is first applied to mean sea level and pressure to examine the validity of the inverse barometer (IB) approximation over this area. As expected, it reveals very significant deviations from an IB response attributed to the narrowness of the Bosphorus Strait and its limiting role in water exchanges. A comparison is drawn with the Mediterranean Sea case. A single basin version of the Candela analytical model [Candela, J., 1991. The Gibraltar Strait and its role in the dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 15, 267–300], which takes linear friction at the strait into account, is then used. The model explains a significant part of the T/P mean sea level variance (about 30%, while the IB correction only explains 5% of its variance) and provides a means to correct the altimeter data for the pressure effect much better than the standard IB effect. The response of the mean sea level to wind forcing is then analysed. Coherence analysis between sea level and along-strait wind stress (WS) reveals a significant coherence at periods ranging from 40 to 100 days, with an almost steady phase of 270°. This result is confirmed with a multiple coherence analysis (mean sea level vs. WS and AP). A plausible mechanism is a piling-up of water at the northern or southern end of the strait due to along-strait wind forcing. The associated along-strait pressure gradient would modify the barotropic flow in the strait and then the mean sea level. Using an extension of the Candela model, we show that this mechanism is consistent with T/P mean sea level observations.     

Influence of residual stresses and geometric imperfections on the elastoplastic collapse of cylindrical tubes under external pressure

The buckling problem of a circular cylindrical shell has long been widely investigated due to its great importance in the design of aerospace and marine structures. Geometric imperfections and residual stresses are inevitable in practice and have been so far frequently considered in analytical and numerical predictions. But little attention has been paid until now on the combined influence of such initial defects on the critical and often unstable response of such elastoplastic structures. In this paper, a shell finite element is designed within the total Lagrangian formulation framework to deal with the elastoplastic buckling and post-buckling of thin cylindrical tubes under external pressure and axial compression. A specific experimental process will be introduced in order to measure residual stresses in the shell very accurately, so as to include them in the numerical calculations. The present formulation will enable us to describe the complete non-linear solutions, namely the critical pressures (bifurcation and limit (collapse) loads), the bifurcation modes and the bifurcated equilibrium branches up to advanced post-critical states. Comparisons will be made between numerical results and the experimental critical value and deformation patterns of a new generation profiler. Furthermore, the combined effects of geometric imperfections, residual stresses and plasticity will be analyzed.     

铁路罐车罐体外观和标记检查的重要性

在进行罐车检定和罐体安全检测时,准确判断罐体标记是否准确对罐车检定工作十分重要,同时还要对罐体进行外观检查,确定外表面是否有明显的腐蚀、损伤和变形。车辆型号和封头形式对罐体型号的判断有影响。企业名称、车型、车号、载重、自重、容积、容积表号和介质名称等所有罐体标记是否准确,影响着检定工作的准确和检定证书的可靠有效。举例说明在日常检定工作中遇到的情况及处理方法。