Bolster spring fault detection strategy for heavy haul wagons

An on-board health monitoring system is proposed for heavy haul wagons in this paper including a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) method and an on-line fault diagnose strategy. Such a system, to be feasible on freight wagons, must be sufficiently cheap and robust, hence the design assumes the constraint of using only two accelerometers mounted on the front left and right rear part of each carbody in a heavy haul train. This paper focuses on the detection of bolster spring fault conditions. The problem is made more complex by the modes of failure which might be expected in bolster spring nests. Types of spring failure are firstly identified and discussed covering situations of broken (shortening springs) and softening (individual spring loss from a nest or cross-section loss through corrosion). The effects of these faults and their detectability were investigated using simulations on straight and curved track and using a fully detailed model of a typical 40?t axle-load heavy haul wagon. The simulation results were then examined and compared using cross-correlation analysis and an FDI system was proposed. The FDI system introduced five possible fault indicators. Initial results indicated that it was possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25%. An on-line fault diagnoses strategy is proposed for bolster spring faults which only requires data from wagon monitoring during travel around sharp curves to detect and the occurrence of confirm faults. The functionality envisaged needs only a ‘once per trip’ monitoring site, such as a sharper curve, and is aimed at condition monitoring rather than the provision of alarms or comprehensive monitoring of all events.     

ERP在柴油机柔性装配线上的应用

介绍了自主开发的“ERP”系统,及与之匹配的“取货制”物流配送,解决了在一条柔性装配线上装配650种以上机型混装问题,实现了企业计划、定单、技术准备、财务、质量和制造等的核心业务的网络控制,提高了企业的整体竞争力。     

浅谈异型拱桥桥型设计

通过一个桥型方案设计实例 ,简要介绍异型拱桥的特点     

基于海浪谱的3D海浪模拟

从海洋学的观测结果出发,利用海浪谱方法建立海浪的数学模型,使用LOD技术简化海面网格的计算量,并通过光照和纹理映射的渲染,实现深海区域的海浪模拟.实践证明使用该方法模拟海浪可以在实时性和真实感方面取得较好的效果.     

Singular perturbation composite control of a free-floating flexible dual-arm space robot

The Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot is a highly nonlinear and coupled dynamics system. In this paper, the dynamic model is derived of a Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot holding a rigid payload. Furthermore, according to the singular perturbation method, the system is separated into a slow subsystem representing rigid body motion of the robot and a fast subsystem representing the flexible link dynamics. For the slow subsystem, based on the second method of Lyapunov, using simple quantitative bounds on the model uncertainties, a robust tracking controller design is used during the trajectory tracking phase. The optimal control method is designed in the fast subsystem to guarantee the exponential stability. With the combination of the two above, the system can track the expected trajectory accurately, even though with uncertainty in model parameters, and its flexible vibration gets suppressed, too. Finally, some simulation tests have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

TNFα、Leptin-Rb、NF-κB和PPAR-γ在酒精性肝病大鼠肝细胞中的表达

目的 探讨TNFα、NF-κB、Leptin-Rb和PPAR-γ等在大鼠酒精性肝病中与肝组织炎症、坏死和纤维化的关系.方法 胃造瘘法建立长期大鼠酒精性肝病模型,分别在第4、8、12、24和52周用免疫组化、原位杂交和RT-PCR技术检测不同阶段大鼠肝组织中TNFα、NF-κB、PPAR-γ和Leptin-Rb等的表达.结果 TNFα、NF-κB和Leptin-Rb水平在模型组大鼠肝细胞中,第8周表达逐渐增强,第24周起高水平表达一直持续至52周(P<0.01).PPAR-γ在对照组和第4、8周模型组肝细胞中表达最强,第12周表达开始减弱.TNFα和NF-κB在肝细胞中的表达呈明显正相关关系,与PPAR-γ则呈负相关关系(P<0.01).结论 TNFα和NF-κB与肝细胞病变程度有很好的一致性关系,Leptin-Rb在肝细胞的表达与肝纤维化发展相一致,PPAR-γ则刚好相反.     

5-羟色胺转运体基因多态性和抑郁症的发病、性别、严重程度及自杀行为的相关性

目的探讨中国汉族人群5-羟色胺转运体启动区(5-HTTLPR)基因多态性和抑郁症的发病、性别、严重程度及自杀是否相关。方法应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增技术测定150例抑郁症患者和150例正常对照者的5-HT-TLPR基因型和等位基因,分别验证各种基因型与中、重度抑郁症发病、性别及自杀行为的相关性。结果病例组SS、LS基因型及S等位基因频率均高于对照组(26.0% vs.20.0%;52.7% vs.46.0%;52.3% vs.43.0%;P均<0.05);两组性别分层比较,女性S等位基因频率高于对照组(55.3% vs.43.6%,P<0.05);病例组严重程度分层比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病例组有无自杀行为分层比较,有自杀行为患者SS基因型频率(37.3% vs.20.2%)及S等位基因频率(61.8% vs.47.5%)均高于无自杀行为患者(P<0.05);抑郁自杀组性别分层比较未显示显著性差异(P>0.05);抑郁自杀组病情程度分层比较,重度抑郁自杀者SS基因型频率(42.5% vs.18.2%)及S等位基因频率(68.7% vs.36.4%)均高于中度抑郁自杀者(P<0.05)。结论在中国汉族人群中,5-HTTLPR多态性和抑郁症相关。S等位基因可能是抑郁症的易感基因,特别是女性,SS型可能是抑郁症易感基因型;S等位基因可能是抑郁症患者自杀的危险基因,SS基因型人群可能是抑郁症患者自杀的危险人群,特别是携带S等位基因的重度抑郁症患者更易自杀。     

北京市商业区可达性研究

为建立商业区可达性计算方法,并为未来商业区的选址、设计提供参考,选取北京市较为典型的5个商业区为研究对象,对商业区的特点进行了分析。从理论上探讨了计算商业区可达性包含的4个因素：土地利用、交通系统、时间因素以及个体因素。借鉴潜能模型,提出了可达性理论模型,并给出具体的可达性计算公式。以北京市5个商业区中18个大中型商场为例,计算可达性以及各区域到达这些商业区的可达性分布。     

尿素晶体的线性和非线性光学性质的从头算研究

采用从头计算平面波赝势方法（pwp）和局域密度近似,计算了尿素晶体的电子能带结构和光学性质,计算表明尿素晶体属直接带隙晶体,计算带隙为5,lleV。在剪切操作下,采用密度矩阵理论计算了介电常数和倍频系数,理论结果与实验符合甚佳,并成功地将二阶非线性光学系数谱的特征峰与介电函数光谱结合起来,按单、双光子共振项进行了分析。不同跃迁过程对二阶非线性光学系数的贡献的研究表明,二阶非线性光学极化率在低频下几乎全部来自于虚电子过程。     

ZA4-1/ZL102双金属复合材料的挤压铸造研究

研究了ZA4-1/ZL102双金属复合材料界面的显微组织,挤压铸造过程中锌合金预热温度和挤压压力对复合材料的影响.用固态锌基合金ZA4-1与液态铝基合金ZL102进行固-液复合,从而得到性能更好的复合材料.在挤压铸造成形理论指导下,通过合理控制其参数设置,使得ZA4-1/ZL102复合材料的组织更加细密.铝合金原子挣脱结构内部的束缚渗透到了锌合金的组织中,得到一种新型的复合材料,实现了在挤压铸造工艺下的双金属复合.