The measurement of accessibility: Some preliminary results

This paper presents an analysis of accessibility by private transport, using a Hansen type measure of accessibility. The data base is the 1962 London Travel Survey. The study is confined to car-owning households residing in inner London. A comparison of the patterns of accessibility associated with four measures of areal attractiveness - total employment, retail employment, households and population - is presented. The sensitivity of relative accessibilities to marginal changes in parameter values is analysed. Two aspects of the effect of the zoning system on the measurement of accessibility are investigated: the effects of zonal configuration and zonal aggregation. First, the implications of increasing the size of central area zones is analysed. Second, a comparison of patterns of accessibility calculated at the zonal and district levels is undertaken.[/p]     

Characterization and evolution of spatial density patterns in urban areas

This paper examines the spatial patterns of population density, household automobile ownership and other socio-demographic variables that affect urban travel, as a function of distance from the central city core. Spatial density functions provide a useful characterization of urban structure, and of its evolution when taken at different time intervals. Analysis of the data from four case cities (Austin, Atlanta, Dallas, Phoenix) for 1960, 1970 and 1980 reveals continuing overall dispersion away from the traditional central core, accompanied by the densification of formerly low-density suburbs. This presents implications for high congestion levels in the densifying suburban communities, comparable to those typically associated with the CBD. In addition, the analysis has captured the continuing growth of average household automobile ownership and revealed a distinct spatial pattern that seems to be robust across the case areas considered, as well as within radial corridors in the one case that was so analyzed (Austin).List of symbols Y gross population density in census tractt - X _t distance in miles from the center of tract to the CBD - parameter representing the central business district density - y density gradient parameter - X₀, X₁, X2, and X3 locations of the knots in a three segment division of the x-axis - D_i dummy variable defined for thei-th segment - ₁ normally distributed disturbance term,a _i,b _i,c _i,d _i,i = 1, 2, 3 — parameters to be estimated - A _t area of census tractt     

Impact Analysis of the Reduction Effect for Reducing Joint Position of Stick-slip Fault TunnelEI北大核心

Research purposes: Based on an engineering of traffic tunnel, anti-breaking model experiment of large-scale 1 :30 is carried out under fault dislocation. Reduction effect of three working conditions(working condition A of no reducing joint, B of staggered setting of reducing joint and dislocation surface, C of reducing joint set at dislocation position) is comparatively analyzed by analysis of contact pressure, lining strain and lining stress. The optimal location of reduction joint is explored. Research conclusions:(1)The reduction effect of different position of reducing joint is different, such as A相似文献   

灰色关联在城市轨道交通线网规划方案评价中的应用

用AHP-Grey模型对城市轨道交通线网规划方案进行评价选优。建立线网规划方案评价的分层指标体系,采用灰色关联分析方法按灰色关联度大小对方案进行排序。通过在实际项目方案评价中的应用,证明灰色关联分析法的实用性和合理性。AHP-Grey法既充分体现了多指标对总目标的重要性程度,又充分利用并挖掘了决策矩阵中的有效信息,是一种简便而适用的方法。     

p57kip2和cyclin D1在人脑胶质瘤中的表达和临床意义

目的探讨p57kip2蛋白、cyclin D1蛋白在人脑胶质瘤中的表达情况及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法检测p57kip2、cyclin D1在55例人脑胶质瘤和10例正常脑组织中的表达。结果在55例胶质瘤中,p57kip2蛋白阳性率为38.2%(21/55),显著低于正常脑组织(80%,P<0.05)。p57kip2蛋白表达在低度恶性(Ⅰ-Ⅱ级)组显著高于高度恶性(Ⅲ-Ⅳ级)组(P<0.05),生存时间≥2年组显著高于<2年组(P<0.05)。脑胶质瘤中Cyclin D1蛋白阳性率为54.5%(30/55),显著高于正常脑组织(10%,P<0.05)。cyclin D1蛋白表达在高度恶性(Ⅲ-Ⅳ级)组显著高于低度恶性(Ⅰ-Ⅱ级)组(P<0.05),生存时间<2年组显著高于≥2年组(P<0.05)。p57kip2蛋白的表达与cyclinD1蛋白的表达存在负相关(rs=-0.277,P<0.05)。结论p57kip2蛋白和cyclin D1蛋白在脑胶质瘤中存在异常表达,p57kip2蛋白和cyclin D1蛋白的表达程度与脑胶质瘤的分化程度、预后相关。     

EXPRESSION CLONING OF A PROTECTIVE LEISHMANIA ANTIGEN

ＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＣＬＯＮＩＮＧＯＦＡＰＲＯＴＥＣＴＩＶＥＬＥＩＳＨＭＡＮＩＡＡＮＴＩＧＥＮＥ．Ｍｏｕｇｎｅａｕ，Ｆ．Ａｌｔａｒｓ，Ａ．Ｅ．Ｗａｋｉｌ，ＺｈｅｎｇＳｈｉｃｈｕｎ；Ｔ．Ｃｏｐｐｏｌａ，Ｚ．Ｗａｎｇ，Ｒ．Ｗａｌｄｍａｎｎ，Ｒ．Ｍ．Ｌｏｃ...     

两亲磁性聚合物微球的制备

以FeSO4和FeCl3为主要原料,用十二烷基磺酸钠作为表面活性剂,制备了稳定的水分散性Fe3O4磁流体.再以聚乙二醇、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯和丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯合成聚氨酯(PU)大分子单体.在Fe3O4磁流体存在下,以乙醇/水为分散介质,过硫酸钾作为引发剂,通过苯乙烯与PU大分子单体共聚制备出了两亲磁性聚合物微球.所制得的磁性聚合物微球粒径小,平均粒径约14μm;在磁场中的沉降速度为自然沉降速度的8倍,试验结果说明磁性聚合物微球的磁性很强,磁性聚合物微球具有简便、快速的磁分离特性.     

雌激素与盐敏感高血压的关系

目的　进一步探讨植物性雌激素和内源性雌激素对雌性自发性高血压鼠 (SHR)的盐敏感高血压反应的保护作用。方法　对三周龄雌性SHR行卵巢切除术 ,饲以 0 .1mol·L- 1 或 1 .4mol·L- 1 NaCl,含或不含植物性雌激素之食物。 1 0周龄时 ,腹主动脉内植入遥测传感器 ,用“计算机腹主动脉血压遥测系统”2 4h连续测量血压、心率及整体活动。静脉注射六甲双铵阻断交感神经系统活动后 ,记录动脉压和心率反应。结果　食用无论是否富含植物性雌激素的高盐食物 ,动脉血压都明显增高 ,不含植物性雌激素组更甚。交感神经系统活动阻断后 ,引起所有各组鼠夜间动脉压急剧降低。结论　食物中所含之植物性雌激素可降低雌性SHR的盐敏感高血压反应。交感神经系统兴奋性异常在高盐食物引起的血压增高中起重要作用     

蛇床子素对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩性能的影响

蛇床子素和维拉帕米对缩宫素、ＫＣｌ、高Ｋ＋除极化后Ｃａ２＋诱导大鼠离休子宫平滑肌收缩均产生抑制作用，对ＣａＣｌ２累积量效曲线均呈非竞争性拮抗效应，ｐＤ＇２（拮抗多数）分别为３．９±０．１５和７．４５±０．１；１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ蛇床子素和０．０８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ维拉帕米显著抑制缩宫素诱导依赖细胞内Ｃａ２＋收缩反应，对依赖细胞外Ｃａ２＋的收缩均无明显影响。提示蛇床子素对子宫平滑肌的抑制作用类似维拉帕米，与拮抗Ｃａ２＋有关，且主要通过抑制平滑肌细胞膜上电位依赖性Ｃａ２＋通道和影响胞内Ｃａ２＋释放所致。     

加宽路基压实方法的选择

为保证强夯工程的效果，提高高填方路基不均匀沉降机理的理论水平，开展“强夯法对加宽高填方路基承栽力和不均匀沉降控制”这一课题研究很有必要，其结果将对强夯法地基处理技术起到补充和完善的作用，并且将会进一步拓宽强夯法的应用范围。