Enjeux de la mise en accessibilité des transports publics: le rôle de la maîtrise d’usage et de la coproduction

Since the act of February 11, 2005, the policy objective is to make urban projects accessible for all. This political context is strengthened on one hand by a greater social demand relieved by associations, and on the other hand by the need to anticipate the consequences of ageing population. A qualitative survey conducted in the metropolitan areas of Paris and Grenoble, with representatives of associations, transport operators, communities, and experts, shows that the law is not enough. The issue of a successful accessibility lies particularly in the political will at local level and in the involvement of people to overcome flaws in local projects, through consultation and coproduction initiatives. The users’ knowledge makes the project evolving and adapting according to social demand. The user has an expertise gained from his experiences that no one can match. Therefore, it has a vital role in the development, implementation and evaluation of projects’ accessibility.     

Ship underwater noise assessment by the acoustic analogy,part III: measurements versus numerical predictions on a full-scale ship

The acoustic analogy represents a powerful and versatile approach, able to numerically predict the noise generated by a body moving in a fluid. It is widely used to provide essential indications about the aeroacoustic behavior of aircraft and helicopters (even at a design stage) and, eventually, to pursue effective strategies aimed at desirable reduction and/or control of noise. Nevertheless, applications in the area of hydroacoustics and in the prediction of ship underwater noise are very rare. In this paper, the potential of the acoustic analogy is directly tested on a large ferry, for which a measurement campaign at sea was performed. In spite of the complexity of the tested configuration [the ship mounts two contracted and loaded tip (CLT) propellers located ahead of two rudders, and its hull is characterized by a rather elongated skeg] and the many variables not taken into account in the numerical simulation (such as the contribution from machinery noise and the probable occurrence of tip vortex cavitation), the agreement between the measured and computed noise spectra is quite satisfactory. The analysis suggests many interesting features of the ship hydroacoustic field: the dominant role played by nonlinear sources far from the body and the relevance of scattering effects from the hull surface. Furthermore, the scattered pressure seems to contribute to alter the frequency content of the resulting signatures with respect to the blade passage frequencies. Finally, an overview of future developments and applications of this numerical approach for marine/maritime problems is presented.     

Performance evaluation of slim low-risk-deployment dual-type passenger airbag system with dispersed inflation pressure

Motor vehicle passenger airbags have been proven to be effective for reducing the possibility of passenger injury during a crash. However, the inflation of the airbag sometimes causes serious injury when a passenger is positioned close to the airbag. The United States Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 208 requires the use of a low-riskdeployment (LRD) passenger airbag system. This paper proposes a newly developed airbag system comprising two slim airbags mounted on the instrument panel. A series of tests were conducted using the FMVSS 208 test procedures to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system. It was found that the system not only satisfied the injury criteria of FMVSS 208, but was also effective for protecting passengers of all sizes.     

Influence of turpentine addition in Jatropha biodiesel on CI engine performance,combustion and exhaust emissions

The prospect of using turpentine oil as an additive for Jatropha biodiesel and using it as an alternative fuel for diesel in CI engines has been experimented in this work. Tests were carried out in a single cylinder, air cooled, constant speed, direct injection diesel engine. The results display that the performance of Jatropha-Mineral Turpentine (JMT) and Jatropha- Wood Turpentine (JWT) blends were found close to diesel, emission features were enhanced and combustion parameters were noticed to be comparable with diesel. Brake thermal efficiency of JMT20 blend found closer to diesel at 75 % load. BSFC increases for JMT and JWT blends at part load and maintains at full load. CO, HC and Smoke emissions were reduced with JMT and JWT blends at 75 % load. NOx emissions were on the raise. Furthermore, JMT and JWT blends offered comparable performance and combustion parameters, reduced emissions and both can substitute standard diesel in CI engines.     

Lateral stability control of dynamic steering for dual motor drive high speed tracked vehicle

In this paper, the torque and power required by dual motors for electric tracked vehicle during dynamic steering maneuvers with different steering radiuses are analyzed. A steering coupling drive system composed of a new type of center steering motor, two Electromagnetic (EM) clutches, two planetary gear couplers, and two propulsion motors is proposed for the dual motors drive high speed electric tracked vehicle (2MHETV), which aims to improve its lateral stability. An average torque direct distribution control strategy based on steering coupling and an optimization-distribution-based close-loop control strategy are designed separately to control the driving torque or regenerative braking torque of two propulsion motors for vehicle stability enhancement. Then models of the 2MHETV and the proposed control strategy are established in Recudyn and Matlab/Simulink respectively to evaluate the lateral stability of dynamic steering for the 2MHETV with different steering radiuses on hard pavement.The simulation results show that the lateral stability of the 2MHETV can be significantly improved by the proposed optimization-distribution-based close-loop control strategy based on steering coupling system.     

厂拌热再生沥青混合料组成设计方法综述

为改善热再生沥青路面性能,并有效提高沥青路面回收材料（RAP）的循环利用率,对厂拌热再生混合料组成设计中关键技术问题的研究进展进行综述。总结了RAP材料性能评价方法、变异性特点及变异性降低措施;针对不同粒径的RAP颗粒特性及特有的结团现象,分析了RAP颗粒分布对合成级配设计及其性能的影响;介绍了不同的新沥青等级确定方法及相关改进措施;评述了RAP集料毛体积相对密度的不同测定方法及其对热再生混合料体积指标设计结果的影响;总结了RAP对热再生混合料不同路用性能的影响规律,在其基础上,提出了构建基于性能的热再生混合料组成设计方法。在分析现有设计方法中不同环节存在的技术不足的同时,提出了相应的改进方案及未来的研究方向。     

Workshop 1: Performance measurement and compliance

This workshop discussed challenges of measuring the performance of transport contracts, which is usually achieved by benchmarking the relevant services against a few key performance indicators (KPIs). Such KPIs (the workshop identified cost efficiency, service quality and safety/security as the top three) can be explicitly included in the contracts (with a focus on compliance) or can be rather informal and part of a trusting partnership. Limited availability of good data and appropriate information technology systems appear to be the greatest challenges within developed markets. In the context of creating a formal market (such as the South African taxi market), which encourages public transport measurement and compliance, our findings suggest that it is important to set as a first step minimum standards to address the backlog with respect to establishing performance measurement regimes.     

State Wetland Protection: A Matter of Context?

Models of integrated management emphasize the role of the surrounding socioeconomic and political environment in influencing management choices for natural resources. In this study, we explore a model that examines the influence of socioeconomic and political variables on the wetland management programs of U.S. states. Logistic regression was used to identify environmental, socioeconomic, and political variables that explained variation in state wetland programs. The likelihood of strong planning, nonregulatory, regulatory, and overall programs increases as the importance of fisheries in the state increases (p < 0.05), but decreases as population density increases (p < 0.15). Furthermore, there is an increasing likelihood of stronger regulatory and overall programs as environmental group activity and industry importance increases (p < 0.05). These findings provide empirical evidence to support the contention that management approaches used in one state often must be adapted to fit the realities of another given state.     

The Value of a Spillover Fishery for Spiny Lobsters Around a Marine Reserve in Northern New Zealand

The contribution that Leigh Marine Reserve in northern New Zealand makes to the local spiny lobster fishery was examined by comparing the catch characteristics of Jasus edwardsii around the reserve boundary with those from Coastal Leigh, 0.3-2 km from the reserve, and Little Barrier Island, 22-30 km from the reserve. Seasonal trends were apparent in the reserve catch characteristics, consistent with lobster movements into and out of offshore fishing areas adjacent to the boundary. No significant difference was detected in catch per unit effort (kg.trap haul -1 ) among locations. However, the catch around the marine reserve consisted of fewer but larger lobsters than at Little Barrier Island, while the size and number of lobsters caught per trap haul at Coastal Leigh was intermediate between the other two locations. Catch rates around the reserve were more variable than at the other sites, but on average, the amount of money made per trap haul was similar to Little Barrier Island and Coastal Leigh.     

战术激光武器技术的发展动向与分析

战术激光武器技术在现代战争中发挥着越来越重要的作用。文章介绍了国外战术激光武器技术的发展历程以及装备的研制、改进情况,指出了在现代战争中发展战术激光武器技术的优势和重要性,重点探讨了几种战术激光武器的性能及其特点,最后论述了战术激光武器技术的发展动向与分析。