盾构机穿越排气阀井施工方法

对北京市南水北调南干渠盾构机穿越排气阀井施工方法进行了深度分析,通过优化招标图设计方案,采用在施工完成后的排气阀井内回填碎石+土层的方法,较全面地进行了方案设计,安全、快速完成施工任务。     

Travel time estimation oriented freeway sensor placement problem considering sensor failure

Optimal sensor placement on freeway corridor is of great interest to transportation authorities. However, current traffic sensors are easily subject to various failures. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate sensor failure into the optimal sensor placement model. In this article, a two-stage stochastic model is proposed for the purpose of travel time estimation on freeway corridor. To balance the effectiveness and reliability, a stochastic conditional value at risk (CVaR) model is also proposed. Since both models are too complicated, a customized genetic algorithm is developed. Numerical experiments show that considering sensor failure makes a significant performance improvement in the sensor placement pattern. Sensitivity analysis is also applied to investigate the impact of a number of allowable sensors and different traffic sensor failure probability.     

State estimation in roll dynamics for commercial vehicles

Accurate lateral load transfer estimation plays an important role in improving the performance of the active rollover prevention system equipped in commercial vehicles. This estimation depends on the accurate prediction of roll angles for both the sprung and the unsprung subsystems. This paper proposes a novel computational method for roll-angle estimation in commercial vehicles employing sensors which are already used in a vehicle dynamic control system without additional expensive measurement units. The estimation strategy integrates two blocks. The first block contains a sliding-mode observer which is responsible for calculating the lateral tyre forces, while in the second block, the Kalman filter estimates the roll angles of the sprung mass and those of axles in the truck. The validation is conducted through MATLAB/TruckSim co-simulation. Based on the comparison between the estimated results and the simulation results from TruckSim, it can be concluded that the proposed estimation method has a promising tracking performance with low computational cost and high convergence speed. This approach enables a low-cost solution for the rollover prevention in commercial vehicles.     

稀燃条件下甲醇汽油混合燃料颗粒物排放特性

在1台GDI增压汽油机上,进行了稀燃发动机燃用M0,M10和M20(其中M0为汽油,M10为甲醇体积分数10%、汽油体积分数90%的混合燃料,以此类推)甲醇汽油混合燃料的试验,研究了在稀燃条件下甲醇汽油混合燃料对GDI发动机颗粒粒径分布特性、数量浓度特性和质量浓度特性的影响。试验结果表明:在稀燃条件下,随着甲醇比例的增加颗粒数量浓度峰值逐渐增大,颗粒数量浓度随粒径分布呈现出双峰分布;颗粒中的核态颗粒和积聚态颗粒的总数量都随甲醇比例的增加而增加,其中M20的积聚态和核态颗粒数量浓度最大;颗粒粒径峰值都随着甲醇比例的增加逐渐增大,并且核态颗粒粒径峰值主要集中在20.54~31.62nm,积聚态颗粒粒径峰值主要集中在56.23~100nm;颗粒质量浓度随甲醇比例的增加而增大,粒径分布在316~700nm的积聚态颗粒明显增多,积聚态颗粒质量浓度随粒径分布的范围明显增加,质量浓度也相应增加,而粒径分布在56.23~316nm范围内的颗粒质量浓度却在降低。     

高速公路景观设计初探

就高速公路景观设计进行了探讨.     

船舶上层建筑重量重心对其固有频率的影响

在船舶设计、建造过程中及船舶建造完成后,有时上层建筑的固有频率与主机、螺旋桨的激励频率相接近。想要通过一些简单有效的手段对船舶进行修改,使上层建筑的固有频率避开激励源频率以避免共振。本文利用大型通用有限元分析软件Ansys,以某300,000吨级原油船为研究对象,对上层建筑的重量和重心高度如何影响上层建筑的首阶横向、纵向固有频率进行灵敏度分析,以求找到简单有效的、适于工程实际中改变船舶上层建筑固有频率的方法。     

集装箱船典型疲劳评估节点应力强度因子计算

在基于疲劳裂纹扩展理论的疲劳评估方法中需要确定疲劳热点,并准确求解热点处裂纹应力强度因子。论文将CCS在规范中规定的疲劳评估节点分为四类:1典型对接接头和T型接头焊趾处,2趾端底板,3趾端肘板,4垂直三构件相交角点。分别使用三维有限元技术求解第一类、第二类、第三类节点的应力强度因子修正系数并和BS7910公式对比。结果表明:第一类节点与BS7910公式吻合良好;第二类节点裂纹扩展在趾端范围内时应力强度因子修正系数较BS7910公式大,超过趾端范围内时,应力强度因子修正系数发生突变快速下降并逐渐趋近于1;第三类节点应力强度因子修正系数在整个范围内较BS7910公式大。第二类构件、第三类构件应力强度因子修正系数和BS7910公式误差都很大。为此,分别对第二、三类节点提出了各自的修正公式,它们和有限元计算结果吻合良好。     

堆料机悬臂皮带机打滑原因的分析与处理

堆料机的悬臂皮带机在使用过程中,当悬臂上仰角度达到正常需要工作角度的某一值时,皮带会发生打滑现象,尤其是应用于运送铁矿和采用螺旋张紧或液压张紧装置张紧的悬臂皮带机,更易出现打滑的现象。通过实例分析其打滑机理,并提出解决办法。     

浅谈设备大修与更新阶段的成本控制

在设备日常管理中应该以主动维护代替大修,尽量降低修理级别,并将设备大修及技术改造与设备更新结合起来,充分发挥设备效能,降低综合管理成本,实现企业利润最大化.