特长高速公路隧道通风斜井钢波纹板式中隔墙技术研究北大核心CSCD

通风导洞中隔墙一般采用技术较为成熟的混凝土中隔墙,但存在表面粗糙、工艺复杂、施工进度不易控制等缺点,无法适用于风道较为复杂的工程。文章以东天山隧道1号斜井为依托,提出了节能型全拼装式钢波纹板中隔墙技术,通过数值模拟以及理论计算的方法验证其在单洞四风道通风斜井中的可行性。研究结果表明:钢波纹板式中隔墙增大了斜井有效通风截面积,断面风速降低约5.3%,同时大幅减小通风斜井内的沿程阻力,仅为既有混凝土墙方案的17%左右;拱顶变形及二次衬砌混凝土结构受力均远低于结构安全限值。该技术克服了传统钢筋混凝土中隔墙的缺点,在满足隧道通风防灾要求的同时,改善了隧道施工环境,且施工工期可缩短为原方案的三分之一。     

软弱地层浅埋大跨隧道跳仓法拆撑空间效应研究北大核心CSCD

对于在软弱、破碎、富水地层中采用双侧壁导坑法修筑的暗挖大跨隧道,跳仓法施工依赖于初期支护的“棚护效应”维持拆撑后大跨结构的稳定性,常常面临拆撑步距小、风险高、效率低、代价大的困境,一旦拆撑方案采取不当,极易造成塌方安全事故。针对这一问题,以青岛地铁4号线错埠岭站为依托工程,通过理论分析与数值计算相结合的手段,论证了拆撑后初期支护“空间棚护效应”主要由“横向成拱效应”和“纵向成梁效应”组成,二者共同维持大跨结构的安全性与稳定性;同时确定了合理、安全、高效、快速的拆撑分区长度与隔仓分区长度,分别为L=9 m、S=18 m,并顺利通过了现场施工的检验。结果表明:软弱地层大跨隧道采用“隔二拆一、先内部后洞口”的拆撑方案是切实可行的,可为后续工程提供借鉴与指导。     

Model-Predictive Control Strategy for an Array of Wave-Energy Converters

To facilitate the commercialization of wave energy in an array or farm environment, effective control strategies for improving energy extraction efficiency of the system are important. In this paper, we develop and apply model-predictive control (MPC) to a heaving point-absorber array, where the optimization problem is cast into a convex quadratic programming (QP) formulation, which can be efficiently solved by a standard QP solver. We introduced a term for penalizing large slew rates in the cost function to ensure the convexity of this function. Constraints on both range of the states and the input capacity can be accommodated. The convex formulation reduces the computational hurdles imposed on conventional nonlinear MPC. For illustration of the control principles, a point-absorber approximation is adopted to simplify the representation of the hydrodynamic coefficients among the array by exploiting the small devices to wavelength assumption. The energy-capturing capabilities of a two-cylinder array in regular and irregular waves are investigated. The performance of the MPC for this two-WEC array is compared to that for a single WEC, and the behavior of the individual devices in head or beam wave configuration is explained. Also shown is the reactive power required by the power takeoff system to achieve the performance.

     

Fatigue analysis for a multi-lap spot welded joint of high strength steel using quasi static tensile-shear test

The welding quality of spot weldment is an important factor that significantly affects the strength, stiffness, safety, and other performance characteristics of vehicles. Therefore, quality control and fatigue life evaluation of spot weldment are necessary processes. This paper presents a method for determining the fatigue life of multi-lap spot weldment of a high strength steel sheet. In this method, the fatigue life is estimated using the lethargy coefficient, which is the total defect coefficient according to rupture stress and time obtained by the quasi static tensile-shear test. The DC potential drop method was used to check initiation and propagation of cracks in addition to the test. Also, in this study, we modified the lethargy coefficient by using the welding current. Furthermore, we define a specific lapping constant, which is a characteristic constant of 2 or 3 lap weldments. The fatigue life obtained by the fatigue estimate equation, which contains a specific lapping constant was compared and verified with an experimental value. Finally we analyzed the relation of lap number, welding current and fatigue life. This method can save processing time and cost for predicting the life cycle of a structure.     

Effects of the fuel injection ratio on the emission and combustion performances of the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion engine applied with the split injection method

Currently, due to the severity of world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is being enforced more strictly, and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become even more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. As a core combustion technology among new combustion technologies for the next generation engine, the homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is expanding its application range by adopting a multiple combustion mode, a catalyst, direct fuel injection and partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion using the split injection method. This paper used a split injection method in order to apply the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications of the multiple combustion mode and practicality by referring to the results of studies on the HCCI engine. Furthermore, the effects of the ratio of the fuel injection amount on split injection are investigated. From the test results, the adequate combination of the ratio of the fuel injection amount for the split injection method has some benefit on exhaust and fuel economy performance in a naturally aspirated single cylinder diesel engine.     

Investigation of hardware-in-the-loop for use in suspension development

Hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) is a testing method in which real-time measurements on physical hardware replace the mathematical model of the particular hardware during simulation. The development of a semi-active suspension prompted the need for such capability. HiL, implemented on a PC with a dSpace^TM board in conjunction with a hydrodynamic actuator, was compared to software simulations of single degree of freedom (DOF) and two DOF systems. HiL was also compared to a physical (ballast-based) two DOF system, comprising the rear suspension of a motorcycle. Comparisons between the HiL and software responses showed its suitability for testing suspension systems, thus providing a viable alternative to ballast-based suspension tests, using available hardware. The research also showed that actuator dynamics, filter types and amounts, and signal reference levels required special consideration.     

Development of a knowledge-based hybrid failure diagnosis system for urban transit

Urban transit is a complex system that contains both electrical and mechanical entities; therefore, it is necessary to construct a maintenance system for ensuring safety during high-speed driving. Expert systems are computer programs that use numerical or non-numerical domain-specific knowledge to solve problems. This research aims to develop an expert system that diagnoses the causes of failures quickly and displays measures to correct them. For the development of this expert system, the standardization of a failure code classification and the creation of a Bill of Materials (BOM) were first performed. Through the analysis of both failure history and maintenance manuals, a knowledge base has been constructed. Also, for retrieving the procedure of failure diagnosis and repair linking with the knowledge base, we have built a Rule-Based Reasoning (RRB) engine with a pattern matching technique and a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) engine with a similar search method. Finally, this system has been developed as web based in order to maximize accessibility.     

Crashworthiness of chromium plated plastic radiator grille

The use of plastic in vehicle development has increased. In particular, a design trend has resulted in chromiumplated plastics being used in exterior panels. Recently, as the appearance has become more important in design, the plastic radiator grille has become larger, to where it can become the primary member when a front collision happens. The radiator grille should be designed with considerations of the geometric structure, such as delamination, and material characteristics, when plastics are plated with chromium. The enlarged grille has to pass regulations like FMVSS Part 581. Although the material property of plastic has been studied before, what seems to be lacking is study on the crashworthiness of plastic radiator grilles that are plated using chromium. In this paper, in order to evaluate the crashworthiness, tensile test and front collision analysis using finite element method are performed. Tensile test is conducted with 4 types of materials, and then material properties of chromium-plated plastics are obtained. Meanwhile radiator grille’s crashworthiness is evaluated using finite element analysis method. Analysis result is evaluated according to failure criterion. Through this study, method of the assessment of plastic radiator grille’s crashworthiness considered material properties of chromium plated plastics is proposed, and it can be predicted the delamination and the failure point of radiator grille at the design step.     

Method for precise controlling of the at shift control system

The shift comfort and efficiency of Automatic Transmission in vehicle are highly influenced by the pressure of the clutch shift control system, especially by the electro-hydraulic clutch subsystem. In this paper, the new design principles of electro-hydraulic clutch systems developed and modeled in detail, the clutch-to-clutch control system is analyzed in three time intervals: oil filled phase, changing phase of clutch torque and synchronous phase of clutch speed. The demand pressures for the engaged clutches calculated in each phase and is precisely built up by using fuzzy slide mode control, the time of hydraulic pressure building-up is very sensitive to the dither current in simulation. All control parameters are optimized by Cosimulation between software Simulink and SimulationX. Finally, the optimal algorithm of the clutch shift control is written into the transmission control unit of a testing vehicle. The testing results show that the suggested control strategy is effective.