日本燃料电池混合车辆的开发

介绍了日本燃料电池混合车辆的开发理念及该车辆的结构特点.     

An equivalent optimization problem for combined multiclass distribution,assignment and modal split which obviates symmetry restrictions

This paper presents a model for combined multiclass trip distribution, trip assignment and modal split. Although this model is based on an equivalent optimization problem, it avoids the symmetry restrictions heretofore always associated with such approaches to multiclass trip assignment. This is accomplished by expressing Wardrop's first principle as a set of nonlinear constraints in standard mathematical programming form. An algorithm is proposed, each iteration of which requires solving a nonlinear program with linear constraints.     

路堤上运行的高速列车在侧风下的流场结构及气动性能

强侧风产生的气动力时高速列车的运行安全性有显著的影响。基于三维、定常、不可压N-S方程以及k-ε双方程湍流模型,采用有限体积法,对侧风作用下路堤上运行的高速列车进行数值模拟计算,所模拟的列车时速达350 km。通过分析侧风条件下列车周围的流场结构,得到了风速、车速与气动力之间的变化关系。研究结果表明,尽管所计算的列车外表几何形状简单,但其流场仍然非常复杂,列车背风侧将产生数个漩涡,漩涡的位置随车速、风速发生变化。车辆气动力随风速、车速的增加而逐渐增大。头车所受倾覆力矩最大,且其增长率也最大。     

地铁转向架构架动应力测试滤波频率的确定

文章结合上海地铁某转向架线路试验动应力测试结果,分析了典型信号的频率特性,对转向架动应力数据采用不同频率滤波,对滤波后的信号数据进行了比较,并结合采样定理提出了适用于地铁转向架荷载测试的滤波和采样频率。     

Spatial fisheries ecology: Recent progress and future prospects

We review recent progresses made in the study of fish distribution and survival over space — i.e., fisheries spatial ecology. This is achieved by first surveying the most common statistical approaches and relative challenges associated with the analysis of fisheries spatial data, loosely grouped in geostatistical and regression approaches. Then we review a selected number of case-studies implementing the discussed techniques. We conclude by proposing new areas of statistical and ecological research to further our understanding of how fish distribute and survive in space. This review serves a dual purpose by emphasizing the scientific importance of studying spatial interactions to better understand the temporal dynamics of fish abundance, and by promoting the development of new analytical and ecological approaches for the analysis of spatial data. Through our survey we cover different statistical techniques, marine ecosystems and life stages. This analytical, geographic and ontogenetic variety is also purposely selected to highlight the importance of comparative and multidisciplinary studies across diverging ecological disciplines, ecosystems and life stages. Besides having a general ecological relevance this review also bears a more applied significance, owing to the increasing need for protecting renewable marine resources along with their primary habitat.     

American and European transportation responses to the 1973–74 oil embargo

A survey of U.S. and European responses to the energy crises engendered by the Arab boycott of October 1973–April 1974 is presented. U.S. Government policy actions with respect to allocation, rationing, price, and conservation measures are reviewed and contrasted with those of affected European governments. The results of those policies and their effects on transportation energy supply and demand behavior with respect to both commodity and passenger movement are described.Based on short- and long-term impact assessments of the policies considered, the authors identify significant research requirements.The authors were heavily engaged in U.S. responses to the energy emergency, and were asked to undertake study missions to those European nations significantly affected by the crisis to seek out avenues for mutual aid, and joint research, in resolving common energy problems. This paper is one product of those study missions.     

铁道部关于公布《铁路路基工程预算定额》等二十九项定额标准的通知

铁建设[2010]223号2010年11月20日各铁路局,各铁路公司(筹备组),投资、集装箱公司:现公布《铁路路基工程预算定额》、《铁路桥涵工程预算定额》、《铁路隧道工程预算定额》、     

发动机螺纹接头先进设计和装配工艺的试验认证

利用钢螺栓的屈服载荷来设计螺纹接头,并使用屈服点控制拉伸力的拧紧工艺,是当今世界轻质小排量铝发动机工业最先进的技术之一.这种技术能提高接头可靠性,降低产品成本,缩短产品上市周期.