肾素-血管紧张素与盐敏感高血压

目的　证实在大鼠的正常清醒时间 (夜间 ) ,高盐食物加剧终生服用开博通的自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)的升压效应 ,并诱发终生服用开博通 (Captopril)之正常血压大鼠 (WKY)的这种反应。方法　将SHR和WKY鼠分为不服用开博通、终生服用开博通和在给予高盐食物前两周停用开博通三组 ,继之再各分为两组 ,饲以正常盐或高盐两种不同食物。血压采取无线遥测系统进行 2 4h连续观测。结果　终生服用开博通之SHR组 ,高盐食物引致动脉血压的快速增高 ,停药后这种盐敏感性血压升高无明显变化。高盐食物也诱发终生服用开博通之WKY鼠的动脉血压迅速升高 ,停药后也无明显变化。而高盐食物不增高对照组WKY鼠的平均动脉压。结论　终生服用开博通可使SHR及WKY鼠对高盐食物所致动脉血压反应发生改变。长期的肾素 -血管紧张素转换酶抑制对心血管系统可能具有长时效应 ,而不依赖于持续服用开博通     

PLASMA SODIUM AND NaCl-SENSITIVE HYPERTENSION

Ｉｎｍａｎｙｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｓ ,ｈｉｇｈ ＮａＣｌｄｉｅｔｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅａｒｔｅｒｉａｌｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ ,ｂｕｔｔｈｅｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｌｉｎｋｉｎｇＮａＣｌｉｎｔａｋｅｔｏｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｒｅｍａｉｎｓｅｌｕｓｉｖｅ .Ｓｅｖｅｒａｌｌｉｎｅｓｏｆｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｔｈａｔａｈｉｇｈ ＮａＣｌｄｉｅｔｍａｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ ｐｌａｓｍａｓｏｄｉｕｍｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｎｇｃｅｎｔｒａｌｏｓｍｏｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅｎｕｃｌｅｉａｎｄ…     

AFC数字气流闭环控制技术

随着环保呼声的高涨及粉末喷涂技术的成熟,粉末喷涂作为一种环保型喷涂解决方案在汽车行业尤其是轮毂、保险杠等零部件喷涂中逐步获得广泛的应用.     

多种交通方式下的城市空间分配

从集计角度分析了运行多种交通方式的城市交通系统。利用目前已受关注的宏观基本图（简称MFD）,描述城市交通的整体特性。以旧金山某区为例,使用现有数据,通过仿真论证如何应用MFD监管真实交通网络。然后讨论了同一路网中不同交通方式间如何相互作用,以及如何将这些作用纳入包含多种交通方式路网的MFD。研究得到的两个主要结论是：1）证实了已有研究猜想——对市区拥挤区域限行,可提高包括被限行者在肉的所有出行者的机动性;2）公交方式提供专用道路空间可提高所有交通方式的可达性。     

Enhanced traffic information dissemination to facilitate toll road utilization: a nested logit model of a stated preference survey in Texas

This paper investigates the effects of the provision of traffic information on toll road usage based on a stated preference survey conducted in central Texas. Although many researchers have studied congestion pricing and traffic information dissemination extensively, most of them focused on the effects that these instruments individually produce on transportation system performance. Few studies have been conducted to elaborate on the impacts of traffic information dissemination on toll road utilization. In this study, 716 individuals completed a survey to measure representative public opinions and preferences for toll road usage in support of various traffic information dissemination classified by different modes, contents, and timeliness categories. A nested logit model was developed and estimated to identify the significant attributes of traffic information dissemination, traveler commuting patterns, routing behavior, and demographic characteristics, and analyze their impacts on toll road utilization. The results revealed that the travelers using dynamic message sign systems as their primary mode of receiving traffic information are more likely to choose toll roads. The potential toll road users also indicated their desire to obtain traffic information via internet. Information regarding accident locations, road hazard warnings, and congested roads is frequently sought by travelers. Furthermore, high-quality congested road information dissemination can significantly enhance travelers’ preferences of toll road usage. Specifically the study found that travelers anticipated an average travel time saving of about 11.3 min from better information; this is about 30 % of travelers’ average one-way commuting time. The mean value of the time savings was found to be about $11.82 per hour, close to ½ of the average Austin wage rate. The model specifications and result analyses provide in-depth insights in interpreting travelers’ behavioral tendencies of toll road utilization in support of traffic information. The results are also helpful to shape and develop future transportation toll system and transportation policy.     

Transit to eternal youth: lifecycle and generational trends in Greater Montreal public transport mode share

Young people appear to be using public transit more than their predecessors, reversing twentieth century trends, but the importance of such findings depends on whether high transit use persists as these riders age. This paper examines whether transit mode share for commuting trips is increasing; socio-economic and geographic trends are also explored to attempt to determine whether these trends are likely to continue. The study uses repeated cross-sectional origin–destination surveys of Greater Montreal (1998, 2003 and 2008). Over 45,000 home-to-work and home-to-school trips are studied for each survey year. A general lifecycle pattern of decreasing transit share with age is apparent within cohorts until individuals reach their early 30s, followed by decades of stability. This pattern appears to hold in recent years, but with higher youth use rates, and it is argued that the higher use will continue as current younger cohorts mature. Suburbanization by those in their early 30s is evident and, along with household composition changes, appears to explain much of the final within-cohort mode share declines before equilibrium. Transit providers might see lasting ridership gains, as those currently in their early 30s and younger replace lower-use cohorts in the workforce, provided service provision keeps pace. Addressing the needs of young people, whose mode choices are comparatively unsettled, should be a priority for transit agencies to ensure higher transit usage in the future.     

Vehicle reidentification and travel time measurement on congested freeways

The paper presents an algorithm for matching individual vehicles measured at a freeway detector with the vehicles’ corresponding measurements taken earlier at another detector located upstream. Although this algorithm is potentially compatible with many vehicle detector technologies, the paper illustrates the method using existing dual-loop detectors to measure vehicle lengths. This detector technology has seen widespread deployment for velocity measurement. Since the detectors were not developed to measure vehicle length, these measurements can include significant errors. To overcome this problem, the algorithm exploits drivers’ tendencies to retain their positions within dense platoons. The otherwise complicated task of vehicle reidentification is carried out by matching these platoons rather than individual vehicles. Of course once a vehicle has been matched across neighboring detector stations, the difference in its arrival time at each station defines the vehicle’s travel time on the intervening segment.Findings from an application of the algorithm over a 1/3 mile long segment are presented herein and they indicate that a sufficient number of vehicles can be matched for the purpose of traffic surveillance. As such, the algorithm extracts travel time data without requiring the deployment of new detector technologies. In addition to the immediate impacts on traffic monitoring, the work provides a means to quantify the potential benefits of emerging detector technologies that promise to extract more detailed information from individual vehicles.     

Disentangling the role of cars and transit in employment and labor earnings

We examine the relationship between transportation access on the one hand and individuals’ employment and labor earnings on the other. We improve on existing studies by bringing a large national panel data set to bear on this question, attempting to disentangle the mechanisms by which individuals improve their economic standing and, finally, comparing the economic benefits to the direct costs of car ownership. To do this, we use nine waves from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1999 to 2015. We find that access to a car is a strong predictor of future economic benefit for individuals, and that at very high levels of transit access, carless individuals can also fare equally well. Access to an automobile is strongly associated with employment, job retention, and earning more money over time. Though having a car is associated with economic benefits, owning and operating a car is expensive; yet, our findings suggest that the benefits may outweigh the costs for most people living outside neighborhoods with truly excellent transit service.

     

The impact of transitional changes on maritime transport in Central and Eastern Europe

At the end of the eighties, fundamental changes took place in Central and Eastern European shipping. Former socialist shipping corporations began offering services under market conditions and left behind the rigid leeway of central planning and regulation. Extensive adjustments in ownership and legislation have transpired, and services and markets, as well as the operations within, have changed significantly. The restructuring of maritime transport is being carried out within the framework of forms that derive from changes in the economic macrosystems as a whole. Careful analysis of the process of corporate transition identifies unique patterns of diminishing, permanent, and incipient components utilized during the reorientation of fleet strategy, market and service changes, and company restructuring. All transition arrangements have been greatly influenced by the integration of Central Eastern European countries with the European Union.     

Dense network traffic models,Travel time reliability and traffic management. I: General introduction

This paper is the first of a pair of papers discussing two main themes concerning dense network modelling. These themes are: (1) the changing nature of traffic management technology and the underlying objectives behind traffic management practice, and (2) the use of measures of network reliability in models, especially as an element of the evaluation of alternative network configurations. This paper considers the role and function of dense network models, and their relationships with other transport network models on the basis of the hierarchical view of models. It then explores the peculiar characteristics of dense network models and provides examples of typical models. Changing needs for modelling capabilities, in terms of the evolution of traffic management technology and practice are discussed, pointing the way to future model developments. The companion paper develops the second theme through the definition and application of a set of network reliability indices that may be applied to different trip movements.