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231.
As the problem of full transit vehicles is encountered daily by passengers in most of the big cities, previous research evaluated the consequence of overcrowding in terms of on‐board crowding and passengers not being able to board with full vehicles. The impact of overcrowding in the real world is, however, not necessarily proportional to these numbers. This paper attempts to specify the critical lines and stations of a network by considering the number of passengers failing to board and attempting to evaluate its impact on service quality and safety risks. The hypothesis is that larger stations with wider platforms can often cope better with overcrowding than smaller stations. Therefore a station size dependent satisfaction function is proposed, which takes values from 0 to 1. The method is applied to London's underground network with a number of scenarios which show critical stations in the network if delays occur. 相似文献
232.
Explaining obesity with urban form: a cautionary tale 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tudor D. Bodea Laurie A. Garrow Michael D. Meyer Catherine L. Ross 《Transportation》2008,35(2):179-199
In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in studies exploring associations between the built environment and obesity.
Many studies have found that built environment characteristics, such as high-density land developments, mixed-land uses, and
connected street networks, are associated with lower rates of obesity. However, depending on the research field and the researcher,
how one specifies the experimental model and how sociodemographic characteristics of the population are defined and included
in the model has led to different policy conclusions and implications. This is not a surprising observation; however, it is
one that does seem to have been lost in current discussions. This article highlights several data-processing, model-specification,
and model-estimation factors that should be comprehensively considered in studies of the built environment and obesity. Empirical
results based on data from Atlanta, GA, USA, illustrate that the association between the built environment and obesity is
sensitive to how age, income, and educational attainment are included in the model. Also, a detailed examination of land-use-mix
measures shows that it is difficult to create this measure and that results are sensitive to the treatment of missing values.
Models that distinguish between overweight and obese individuals are shown to provide richer insights into the associations
among obesity, built environment, and sociodemographic characteristics for the Atlanta area. The article concludes by offering
modeling recommendations for future studies.
Tudor D. Bodea is a doctoral student in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. His doctoral work examines the integration of customer-choice models into optimization algorithms for travel-industry applications. Laurie A. Garrow is an assistant professor in the School and Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Her research addresses the development and application of advanced models of travel demand that integrate discrete choice, econometric, and market research methods to enhance understanding of travel behavior. Michael D. Meyer is professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Director of the Georgia Transportation Institute at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He has written over 160 technical articles and has authored or coauthored numerous texts on transportation systems, planning, and policy, including a college textbook. In 2006, he was the chairman of the Transportation Research Board Executive Committee. Catherine L. Ross is Harry West professor in the City and Regional Planning Program and Director of the Center for Quality Growth and Regional Development at the Georgia Institute of Technology. She has published extensively in the fields of urban planning, transportation planning, and public participation. She is the coauthor of The Inner City: Urban Poverty and Economic Development in the next Century. 相似文献
Laurie A. GarrowEmail: |
Tudor D. Bodea is a doctoral student in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. His doctoral work examines the integration of customer-choice models into optimization algorithms for travel-industry applications. Laurie A. Garrow is an assistant professor in the School and Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Her research addresses the development and application of advanced models of travel demand that integrate discrete choice, econometric, and market research methods to enhance understanding of travel behavior. Michael D. Meyer is professor in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Director of the Georgia Transportation Institute at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He has written over 160 technical articles and has authored or coauthored numerous texts on transportation systems, planning, and policy, including a college textbook. In 2006, he was the chairman of the Transportation Research Board Executive Committee. Catherine L. Ross is Harry West professor in the City and Regional Planning Program and Director of the Center for Quality Growth and Regional Development at the Georgia Institute of Technology. She has published extensively in the fields of urban planning, transportation planning, and public participation. She is the coauthor of The Inner City: Urban Poverty and Economic Development in the next Century. 相似文献
233.
Entering the 21st century, one of the most significant demographic changes in developed countries is the aging of the population. Travel is an important aspect of older people's economic well-being, so with the aging of the population, improving transport for older people is increasingly important. This article presents the results of a study of older people's travel behaviour based largely but not exclusively on LATS (London Area Travel Survey) 2001 data. The focus is on older people's trip chaining behaviour, including trip chain complexity, trip purpose sequence and mode choice in a chain. After identifying the policy implications it looks at the role of Special Transport Services in improving the supply of transport for older people, taking the London Borough of Camden as a case study. 相似文献
234.
Recent investment in urban ferry transport has created interest in what value such systems provide in a public transport network. In some cases, ferry services are in direct competition with other land-based transport, and despite often longer travel times passengers still choose water transport. This paper seeks to identify a premium attached to urban water transit through an identification of excess travel patterns. A one-month sample of smart card transaction data for Brisbane, Australia, was used to compare bus and ferry origin–destination pairs between a selected suburban location and the central business district. Logistic regression of the data found that ferry travel tended towards longer travel times (OR?=?2.282), suggesting passengers do derive positive utility from ferry journeys. The research suggests the further need to incorporate non-traditional measures other than travel time for deciding the value of water transit systems. 相似文献
235.
Michael J. Dunne 《汽车与配件》2007,(20):26-26
从所周知,中国汽车公司正在迅速成长起来。五年前,奇瑞、吉利和华晨等中国自主品牌只占据了10%不到的国内汽车市场分额。那个时候,南北大众、上海通用、广州本田和北京现代正以压倒性的优势领导着中国市场。[第一段] 相似文献
236.
Michael J.Dunne 《汽车与配件》2007,(28):27-27
谈到影响汽车消费的因素。中美消费者之间存在许多有趣的相似之处。只要在预算范围内,他们无疑都喜欢更大更宽敞的车型。和美国车主一样,中国车主也更倾向于汽油发动机,而不是柴油发动机。(据统计,在这两个国家。柴油版汽车只占整个乘用车市场销量的不到3%。) 相似文献
237.
Integrated land use/transportation forecasting models add significant policy and infrastructure alternatives analysis capabilities to the urban planning process. Historically, the financial, time, and staff requirements to develop one of these models has put them beyond the reach of most small- to medium-sized urban areas. The purpose of this paper is to present the large zone economic submodel of SE3M, an integrated model – founded upon economic base theory and bid-rent theory – that is reasonably accurate, yet simpler in form, function, and implementation than competing models. The US territory of Guam is used as the case study/proof of concept implementation for this model framework. The submodel presented here was validated against a horizon year with known data for zonal level population and employment totals together with control totals for the island as a whole. The model was able – across two base years and one validation, horizon year – to locate all jobs and a high percentage of the population on each zone on the island. 相似文献
238.
The remote Ningaloo Coast region, the location of Australia's largest fringing coral reef, was designated as World Heritage (WH) in 2011 based on its outstanding natural values. In the past, the WH nomination process predominantly involved experts and state officials. More recently, local community involvement has become a required part of the process, representing a move toward participatory governance that can potentially influence WH designation. Understanding community perceptions of the WH nomination process provides insights into the consequences of community involvement. Interviews were conducted with key local community members involved in the Ningaloo Coast WH nomination. Interviews focused on the perceptions and experience of the nomination process and local meanings of WH designation. Results indicated that while there was support for WH designation, the nomination process was seen as controversial. Community involvement was dominated by local political and social concerns, mistrust, misinformation, and perceived unfairness. Concerns were influenced by past and current government actions and decision-making in the region. The article identifies some challenges associated with local community involvement in a WH nomination process. These challenges raise questions about participatory governance and how local community's engage in the WH nomination process for coastal regions identified by experts as globally significant. 相似文献
239.
As a guarantee of life quality, older people’s travel demand has to be satisfied, so understanding their travel demand is important. An important point to bear in mind is that older people are not a homogeneous group but that distinguishing between older women and older men in their mobility needs and travel patterns is necessary. Older people’s travel demand needs to be investigated from many different aspects, including trip generation, travel time, and mode choice. In this study, the investigation is focused on older people’s trip chaining, including trip chain complexity, tour composition in a chain. 相似文献
240.
A major issue that State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) in the US face relates to financing future transportation investments. Questions of interest to State DOT officials relate to the suitability and revenue potential of alternative financing approaches. This paper presents a methodology to estimate the potential levels of revenue associated with the use of selected combinations of financing approaches and to assess the adequacy of these revenues vis-a-vis various levels of investments being considered by decision-makers. The methodology is designed to accommodate a wide array of inputs such as major policy objectives and initial assumptions that may vary significantly from State to State in order to provide a greater flexibility of implementation. The application of this methodology is demonstrated with an illustrative example for Massachusetts. This paper should be of interest to State DOTs seeking an acceptable combination of financing approaches to support future transportation investments. 相似文献