扣件胶垫频变动力性能对钢轨垂向振动特性影响分析

利用配有温度箱的万能力学试验机,结合温频等效原理与WLF方程的分数阶Zener模型,测试与表征Vossloh300钢轨扣件弹性垫板随频率非线性变化的黏弹性动力性能,并基于有限元方法研究考虑胶垫频变特性对钢轨垂向振动及传递衰减的影响规律。研究结果表明:在双对数坐标系下,扣件胶垫刚度和阻尼系数与频率近似呈线性正相关和负相关。胶垫阻尼频变主要增强中低频范围内的钢轨垂向振动,并能激发出钢轨1阶垂向共振频率;胶垫刚度频变能更准确预测钢轨1阶垂向共振频率;而胶垫频变特性对钢轨pinned-pinned共振频率无影响。考虑胶垫频变特性后,在1阶垂向共振频率以下,钢轨振动在激振点附近快速衰减,超过该频率钢轨振动主要沿钢轨纵向衰减。     

The Increasing Role of Latent Variables in Modelling Bicycle Mode Choice

The growing interest in promoting non-motorised active transport has led to an increase in the number of studies to identify the key variables associated with bicycle use, and especially those related to the bicycle mode choice problem. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the modelling literature on the choice of the bicycle for utilitarian purposes, and summarises and assesses the evolution of the explanatory variables and methodologies used. We review both the evolution of the incorporation of latent variables in bicycle mode choice models and the critical role they play. The chronological evolution of the studies is divided into three stages —initial, intermediate and late — according to the different ways of introducing attitudinal or perceptual indicators and latent variables into the models. Our review shows that the incorporation of latent variables in bicycle choice models has increased in the last decade, with a progressive use of more sophisticated methodologies until the arrival of complex models that explicitly and properly deal with psychological latent variables. In fact, with the use of hybrid choice models, latent variables have nowadays become the core of bicycle mode choice models. Based on our review, a set of questions is proposed as a uniform measurement scale to identify attitudes towards bicycling. Recommendations for future research are also presented.     

A congested and dwell time dependent transit corridor assignment model

This research proposes an equilibrium assignment model for congested public transport corridors in urban areas. In this model, journey times incorporate the effect of bus queuing on travel times and boarding and alighting passengers on dwell times at stops. The model also considers limited bus capacity leading to longer waiting times and more uncomfortable journeys. The proposed model is applied to an example network, and the results are compared with those obtained in a recent study. This is followed by the analysis and discussion of a real case application in Santiago de Chile. Finally, different boarding and alighting times and different vehicle types are evaluated. In all cases, demand on express services tends to be underestimated by using constant dwell time assignment models, leading to potential planning errors for these lines. The results demonstrate the importance of considering demand dependent dwell times in the assignment process, especially at high demand levels when the capacity constraint should also be considered. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汽车燃油消耗量快速测量系统研究

介绍了开式排气稀释取样系统,建立了碳平衡法汽油车油耗测量模型及测量系统,设计了用于稀释排气流量测量的锥形流量计和用于稀释排气成分浓度测量的气体分析装置.可采用变频器调节电动机的转速来实现排气流量稀释系数的自动调节,并开发了自动测试软件.与油耗仪实测结果对比表明,该系统测量精度高、稳定性好,可实现在线车辆燃油消耗量的快速不解体测量.     

城市桥梁风险评价的案例分析及对策研究

进入21世纪以来,随着我国全面建设小康社会和大力推进城市化进程,各地城市桥梁进入新的建设高潮,由此引发的城市桥梁工程风险评价相关问题愈来愈受到人们的关注。该文首先论述了城市桥梁风险评价的内涵,通过典型案例分析,引出了城市桥梁风险评价给人们带来的若干思考,客观地指出了当前我国城市桥梁风险评价研究的现状和存在的问,题,论述了当今国际桥梁界在该领域的发展趋势,并提出了相关对策建议,以期推动我国城市桥梁建设的可持续发展。     

高速铁路动车组检查库设计研究

叙述了高速铁路动车组检查库的主要作用及功能,介绍了国外同类动车组检查库的主要情况,提出了我国高速铁路动车组检查库的主要设计标准,包括检查库规模、作业能力、结构尺寸、设备配置等.     

海底隧道风化深槽帷幕注浆技术

厦门翔安海底隧道要穿越F1、F2、F3三处全强风化深槽和F4全强风化囊,风化深槽地层主要为全强风化花岗岩,该地层岩体强度低、自稳性差、出水量大、海水补给无限,发生涌突水的风险很大,为确保隧道安全顺利通过风化深槽,防止隧道发生涌突水,工程采用全断面帷幕注浆堵水和加固软弱围岩。主要介绍了F1风化深槽的地质情况、注浆方案、施工工艺、注浆效果的检验情况以及注浆过程中出现的问题和解决措施。以期能够为今后类似工程提供参考。     

基于人体头肩部与步态检测的闸机通行逻辑

城市轨道交通门式闸机通行逻辑算法的应用领域主要是自动售检票系统.由于闸机直接面对乘客,它的安全性、可靠性、准确性、稳定性等性能直接决定了地铁自动售检票系统的命运.针对现有的闸机通行逻辑遇到的问题,提出了一种基于人体头肩部与步态检测的闸机通行逻辑算法,通过步态检测传感器与人体头肩部检测传感器共同作用,很好地解决了尾随现象,以及人与物的所属关系及其区分.     

基于变权的物流通道方案模糊决策模型

对于物流决策者来说,物流通道方案的选择需要对若干定性和定量因素进行综合权衡与比较,但是这些因素对备选方案的影响度会因时空、条件和决策者要求等因素而有所变化.根据物流运作的流程、特点和多目标模糊数学决策理论,通过引入变权因子,构造了在多个定性与定量决策因素约束下的基于变权的物流通道方案模糊决策模型,动态地反映通道方案中决策因素的重要度,通过计算与比较候选方案与理想方案的海明贴近度得出优选方案,并通过实例证明了模型结果与实际物流市场情况的吻合性.     

历史文化街区道路交通建设的实践及理性思考

该文首先诠释了历史文化街区的内涵,提出了在进行城市建设中必须高度关注开发和保护的问题,并以北京平安大街、广安大街、南池子历史文化保护区和北京前门地区道路交通建设为案例,详细地论述了这些工程实践中如何尊重历史,延续文脉,保护历史街区的整体风貌、格局和肌理的相关做法以及笔者的若干理性思考,以期为国内同行们提供可借鉴的经验和资料,共同创造一个和谐、共融、宜居和可持续发展的城市环境。