Modelling,simulation and applications of longitudinal train dynamics

ABSTRACT

Significant developments in longitudinal train simulation and an overview of the approaches to train models and modelling vehicle force inputs are firstly presented. The most important modelling task, that of the wagon connection, consisting of energy absorption devices such as draft gears and buffers, draw gear stiffness, coupler slack and structural stiffness is then presented. Detailed attention is given to the modelling approaches for friction wedge damped and polymer draft gears. A significant issue in longitudinal train dynamics is the modelling and calculation of the input forces – the co-dimensional problem. The need to push traction performances higher has led to research and improvement in the accuracy of traction modelling which is discussed. A co-simulation method that combines longitudinal train simulation, locomotive traction control and locomotive vehicle dynamics is presented. The modelling of other forces, braking propulsion resistance, curve drag and grade forces are also discussed. As extensions to conventional longitudinal train dynamics, lateral forces and coupler impacts are examined in regards to interaction with wagon lateral and vertical dynamics. Various applications of longitudinal train dynamics are then presented. As an alternative to the tradition single wagon mass approach to longitudinal train dynamics, an example incorporating fully detailed wagon dynamics is presented for a crash analysis problem. Further applications of starting traction, air braking, distributed power, energy analysis and tippler operation are also presented.     

面向控制的SCR催化转化器温度模型

为了建立面向控制的SCR催化器温度模型,根据能量守恒和质量守恒方程并考虑热平衡中所涉及的换热过程不同,建立了4种SCR催化器温度的数学模型,并利用Matlab/Simulink构建图形化的计算模型。采用柴油机欧洲稳态循环(ESC)和欧洲瞬态循环(ETC)条件下的台架实测数据对模型进行检验,基于最大离散程度、拟合度和计算时间3个指标对模型进行评价和比较。结果表明,考虑催化器与废气和周围环境对流换热的温度模型具有良好的预测精度和实时性,更适合用于SCR控制策略。     

Modeling research on manufacturing execution system based on large-scale system cybernetics

A cybernetics model of manufacturing execution system(MES CM) was proposed and studied from the viewpoint of cybernetics.Combining with the features of manufacturing system, the MES CM was modeled by"generalized modeling"method that is discussed in large-scale system theory.The mathematical model of MES CM was constructed by the generalized operator model, and the main characteristics of MES CM were analyzed.     

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交通需求管理（TDM）已成为保障奥运会期间突增交通需求的必要手段。本文在综合奥运会交通需求特性和对比往届奥运会TDM政策要点的基础上,从控制机动车使用、设置奥运专用道、公共交通保障、错时上下班及人性化保障等5个方面阐述TDM政策在北京奥运会中的应用,并从政策综合性、可操作性、接受程度及政策实施效果等4个角度对该TDM政策进行效果评价。数据表明：TDM政策的实施使道路交通流量下降22.5%,早高峰路网平均车速提高28.5%,122报警量下降,公共交通客运量大幅上升,且公共交通的出行比例达45%以上,有效均衡了交通需求,达到预期目标。     

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借鉴定性推理中描述参数的相关方法,首先提出了描述城市快速路各车道交通流同态程度的概念——同态度量指数（Homogeneous Measure Index ,HMI),大量对快速路的实证研究得到的HMI指数反应了不同情况下交通流状态的定性差异。通过对北京环路交通拥堵发生与消散过程的观察和分析,本文发现当交通拥堵发生或消散的过程被触发时,不同车道交通流的同态度量指数HMI会发生定性跃迁变化,并且各车道交通流的同态性变化将是一个“同态 非同态同态”的过程,因此可以利用这一性质,将HMI作为一个指标来对城市快速路交通拥堵是否可能发生进行预警。     

Simulation and analysis of vehicle stability based on ADAMS/CAR differential brake

To improve the braking safety of automobiles, the author studied the effect of differential brake on the stabilities. To analyze the mechanical characteristics of differential brake, automotive subsystem models were built by applying ADAMS/CAR, and automotive mechanics simulation model was built by setting the main subsystems such as body, engine and brake. The simulation model studied the distribution mode of three kinds of differential brake, and beeline braking stability and turning braking stability were simulated. It shows that differential brake can amend turning shortage of automobile brake and improve its braking stability, but the effect of automobile mass on its braking stability is great. So the distribution mode of braking force and the effect of mass change should be considered while differential brake is applied.     

现浇薄壁筒桩技术及其施工工艺

介绍现浇混凝土薄壁筒桩技术以及与其它形式桩基技术的比较.     

Study on T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with Graves＇ disease combined with type 2 diabetes

Objective To investigate changes in T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with simple Graves' disease (GD)and Graves' disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (GD/T2DM). Methods Fifteen cases of GD/ T2DM were selected from our hospital from November 2001 to November 2004. Before and after therapy thyroid function, thyroglobulin antibody (TGA), thyroid microsomal antibody (TMA) and blood glucose level were measured, and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8) and NK cells (CD56) were measured by immunofluorescence double labeling monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry, respectively. At the same time, comparison was made with simple GD (15 cases), T2DM (15 cases) and healthy control (20 cases). Results Before therapy, CD4/CD8, CD4 and NK cells in GD/T2DM were less than normal, and there was no significant difference in comparison with simple GD (P<0.05). In T2DM group, only CD4/CD8 and CD4 were less than those of healthy controls (P<0.05). When thyroid function recovered after 1 to 3 months of methimazole treatment in both GD/T2DM and simple GD groups, various indexes recovered, which were more obvious in simple GD. Conclusion Immune hypofunction of GD may be the key to the immune abnormality of GD/T2DM, which is more significant than that of simple GD or T2DM. The recovery of thyroid function and immune abnormality is not consistent, and the recovery of GD is more significant than that of GD/T2DM.