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611.
Smart card systems have become the predominant method of collecting public transport fares in Japan. Transaction data obtained
through smart cards have resulted in a large amount of archived information on how passengers use public transportation. The
data have the potential to be used for modeling passenger behavior and demand for public transportation. This study focused
on train choices made by railway passengers. If each passenger’s train choice can be identified over a long period of time,
this information would be useful for improving the customer relationship management of the railway company and for improving
train timetables. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for estimating which train is boarded by each smart card
holder. This paper presents a methodology and an algorithm for estimation using long-term transaction data. To validate the
computation time and accuracy of the estimation, an empirical analysis is carried out using actual transaction data provided
by a railway company in Japan. The results show that the proposed method is capable of estimating passenger usage patterns
from smart card transaction data collected over a long time period. 相似文献
612.
Philip J. Zwart Philippe G. Godin Justin Penrose Shin Hyung Rhee 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2008,13(4):346-355
An accurate, efficient algorithm for solving free surface flows around ship hulls is described. Accuracy is achieved using
a compressive advection discretization which maintains a sharp free surface interface representation without relying on a
small time step. Efficiency is obtained using a solution algorithm which implicitly couples velocity, pressure, and volume
fractions. The algorithm has been implemented in a computational fluid dynamics code called CFX and is validated by means
of a comparisonwith experimental data of benchmark cases in both steady and transient conditions. 相似文献
613.
C. Asensio J.M. López R. Pagán I. Pavón M. Ausejo 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2009,14(5):360-366
One of the most difficult and expensive tasks in making noise pollution maps is the collection and processing of the data needed to create acoustic models. In the case of road traffic noise maps, obtaining speed data for light and heavy vehicles a problem that has usually been avoided by using a road’s speed limit or by making assumptions based on experience from similar road types. Here global positioning systems-based techniques are applied for acquiring vehicle speed data and adapted to fulfill the requirements of noise prediction models. 相似文献
614.
Mogens Fosgerau Katrine Hjorth Stéphanie Vincent Lyk-Jensen 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2010,15(7):370-381
Using stated preference survey data, we measure the value of travel time for several transport modes. We find, like many before us, that the value of travel time varies across modes in the opposite direction of what would be the consequence of differences in comfort. We examine three candidate causes for the observed differences: Comfort effects, self-selection and strategic behaviour of respondents. Using experiments with both the current and an alternative mode we find that the differences in the value of travel time are consistent with self-selection and comfort effects. Moreover, respondents having bus as the current or the alternative mode seem not to value comfort differently across modes. Strategic behaviour seems to play no role. 相似文献
615.
Marlene Calderon Veiga 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2004,3(2):171-192
Background
The question of what should be the right level of preparedness to react to a major oil spill (i.e. the EXXON VALDEZ spill, the ERIKA spill, and the PRESTIGE spill) is highly debated, especially in the aftermath of such spills. Little research, however, has been conducted with the aim to identify and compare governments’ best practices not only to fund preparedness measures but also to assess the countries’ ability to respond effectively to catastrophic oil spills. It is the author’s belief that important lessons can be learnt from a comparative analysis of countries’ best practices. 相似文献616.
A 3D displacement discontinuity method is applied to solve the fracture mechanics problems of the mixed mode crack under compression.
Friction between the surface of the closed crack is considered by establishing a simple and efficient iterative algorithm
based on method of contact resistance mitigation. On the surfaces of the closed crack, the Mohr-coulomb rule is satisfied
by iteration when the crack is in condition of sliding. The stress intensity factors are obtained using displacement fitting
method. It is shown that the numerical results agree with the experimental results well and that friction plays an important
role in resisting crack propagation. 相似文献
617.
An experimental study was carried out to understand the phenomena of the boiling flow of liquid nitrogen in inclined tubes with closed bottom by using a high speed motion analyzer.The experimental tubes are 0.018 and 0.014 m inner diameter(ID) and 1.0 m in length.The range of the inclination angle is 45°-90° from the horizontal.The experimental observation on the liquid slug was carried out along the tubes.Statistical method was employed to analyze the experimental data.The experiment analyzed the influences of the inclination angle and the tube diameter on the liquid slug length and velocity.The results show the liquid slug propagation velocity increases with the decrease of inclination angle θ.For all cases,the maximum values of the mean liquid slug lengths were obtained at θ = 60°.The mean liquid slug lengths were greater for large tube at higher tube position.These conclusions provide a basis for further study liquid slug of cryogenic two-phase undeveloped slug flow. 相似文献
618.
Carlton Basmajian 《Transportation》2010,37(1):59-84
Though driving to and from work has become a prevalent experience in the lives of individuals in every metropolitan region
in the US, much remains to be learned about the activity from the perspective of the drivers. To increase our understanding
of the motivation for certain travel behaviors, we must first know something about what those drivers experience. The existing
literature explains much, but the application of new methodologies could improve our ability to explain the willingness of
individuals to choose to drive through increasingly congested road networks. The results of this study of oral histories of
12 women commuters underscore the idea that commute should be seen as a set of subjective behaviors that contradict some existing
assumptions about why individuals commute. 相似文献
619.
Since Tian Jun proposed the difference expansion embedding technique, based on which, many reversible watermarking techniques
were proposed. However, these methods do not perform well when the payload is high. In this paper, we proposed an expandable
difference threshold controlled scheme for these three methods. Experiments show that our scheme improves the performance
of these three methods for heavy payload. 相似文献
620.
Mehmet Sinan Yıldırım Metin Mutlu Aydın Ümit Gökkuş 《Maritime Policy and Management》2020,47(6):833-848
ABSTRACT Solving the berth allocation problem (BAP) in ports is not trivial where the berth resources are limited and various sizes of vessels arrive with dramatically dissimilar loads. Especially in real scenarios, arriving vessels are accepted for a berth with the first come first served (FCFS) priority rule. This study proposes a decision support system coupled with a simulation optimization module based on the swarm-based Artificial Bee Colony optimization algorithm for solving the BAP. The proposed methodology was implemented for the Izmir port in Turkey. To investigate the influences of the vessel priorities on the BAP, four different experimental scenarios based on the single (SQM) and multiple queue models (MQM) were coupled with FCFS and proposed hybrid queue priority (HQP) rule. The results indicated that SQM scenarios were superior to MQM scenarios in a manner of minimizing the average vessel waiting times and the implementation of a dynamic berth allocation strategy for the MQM significantly decreases the vessel waiting times. Results of the SQM also imply that utilization of the HQP approach further minimizes the average vessel waiting times and increases the berth utilization and port throughput without yielding excessive waiting times for the larger vessels compared with the FCFS priority rule. 相似文献