Prototype Loading Tests on Full-Ring Segmental Lining of Rectangular Shield Tunnel

A series of full-scale loading tests are performed for a prospective subway tunnel with a rectangular shape including two reliability tests: one stagger-jointed three-ring reliability test, and one ultimate failure test on a single ring. Comprehensive measuring programs are designed to record the deformation of both lining structure and joints and the stresses of concrete, bolts and reinforcements. Experimental results show that in both the single-ring and three-ring loading cases, the long sides of tunnel cross section bend inwards while the short sides of tunnel cross section bend outwards. The inner part of joints opens while the outer part of joints closes at places experiencing positive moment and vice versa. Joint’s rotational stiffness varies at different locations. Concrete cracking and crushing are the chief damage modes, and they are closely related to the distribution of bending moment. Stagger-jointed fabrication significantly increases the overall rigidity of lining system, which thereby greatly reduces the deformation of both concrete lining and joints in comparison with the single-ring case. It is shown that the routinely-used uniform rigidity model is conservative and the preliminary design can be optimized by applying an effective rigidity ratio (ERR) of 0.5.     

Error Analysis of Liquid Holdup Measurement in Gas-Liquid Annular Flow Through Circular Pipes Using High-Speed Camera Method

Accurate measurement of gas-liquid phase fraction is essential for the proper modelling of the pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer rate and interfacial area in two-phase flows. In this paper, taking the issue of optical distortion into account, an analytical model was proposed to estimate and correct the liquid holdup in gas-liquid annular flow through a circular pipe using high-speed camera method. The error in the liquid holdup measurement generated from different refractive indices among transparent circular pipe, liquid film and air core was firstly theoretically analyzed based on the geometric optics. Experimental tests were then carried out to identify the difference as well as to validate the proposed model. Results indicated that the prediction of the liquid holdup has a good performance with the experimental data (i.e., mean relative error is 4.1%) and the measured liquid holdup is larger than the real one. It was found that the measured liquid holdup is larger than the real one. Generally, when the real liquid holdup gets smaller, the discrepancy between the measured liquid holdup by image and the real liquid holdup becomes more significant. Thus, after measuring the liquid holdup from the images, the value of the measured liquid holdup must be corrected by the present model in order to obtain the real liquid holdup.     

Theoretical,Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Microfluidic Droplet Generation and Recovering Process with Applications in Frying Oil Assessments

The research on microfluidic droplet size prediction has been extensive and fruitful, while the droplet deforming process has been seldom studied. In this paper, a frying-oil-assessing microfluidic device was designed to study the droplet deforming and recovering processes, which were dominated by channel geometry, flow rates, sheath flow viscosity and interfacial tension of the two phases. Theoretical expressions of the deforming process and its extreme value were obtained for the first time, supported by simulation and experiments. Theoretical, simulation and experimental results indicated that the steady-state droplet length could be a useful parameter for frying oil assessment.     

Simplified Markov Model for Reliability Analysis of Phased-Mission System Using States Merging Method

This paper presents a simplified Markov model to evaluate the reliability of phased-mission system (PMS). The time cost and storage requirement are very huge for traditional Markov model to analyze the PMS reliability as the number of components increases to a large scale. The states merging method proposed in this paper can account for the PMS with subsystems consisting of identical components, and similar PMSs are common in real-world systems. The simplified Markov model by states merging has smaller number of system states, compared with the traditional one. Furthermore, for the above subsystems, the size of our model increases only linearly as the number of components increases, while the size of the traditional model exponentially increases. Finally, the effectiveness and correctness of our approach are analyzed by comparing with the traditional Markov method.     

Modeling Nd<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Yb<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Tm<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript> Codoped Telluride Glass Fiber for 0.4 to 2.0 μm Emission Spectra

The modeling of rare-earth-doped fiber amplifier is accomplished by utilizing the rate and propagation equations of distinct levels for a laser medium. A complex theoretical model for neodymium (Nd³⁺), erbium (Er³⁺), thulium (Tm³⁺) and ytterbium (Yb³⁺) codoped telluride glass fiber covering 0.4—2.0 μm emission spectra is presented. The emission spectra of Nd³⁺-Er³⁺-Tm³⁺-Yb³⁺ codoped telluride fiber are realized with the excitation of both 808 and 980 nm lasers pumped at 500mW. Numerical methods are used to calculate the emission spectra covering 0.4—2.0 μm. With the Nd³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ion concentrations fixed at 2 × 10²⁰ ion/m³, the Er³⁺ ion concentration optimized to 8 × 1020 ion/m3 and the fiber length spanning from 0.5 to 2 m, a peak amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) power of 19.8mW is attainable, and a minimum ASE power of 7.96mW can also be achieved. The analytical techniques and results indicate that when a telluride codoped fiber with suitable ion concentrations of Nd³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ is excited by both 980 and 808 nm pump lasers, 0.4—2.0 μm emission spectra are attainable for vast optical applications.     

Research of Clinical Named Entity Recognition Based on Bi-LSTM-CRF

Electronic Medical Records (EMR) with unstructured sentences and various conceptual expressions provide rich information for medical information extraction. However, common Named Entity Recognition (NER) in Natural Language Processing (NLP) are not well suitable for clinical NER in EMR. This study aims at applying neural networks to clinical concept extractions. We integrate Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Networks (Bi-LSTM) with a Conditional Random Fields (CRF) layer to detect three types of clinical named entities. Word representations fed into the neural networks are concatenated by character-based word embeddings and Continuous Bag of Words (CBOW) embeddings trained both on domain and non-domain corpus. We test our NER system on i2b2/VA open datasets and compare the performance with six related works, achieving the best result of NER with F1 value 0.853 7. We also point out a few specific problems in clinical concept extractions which will give some hints to deeper studies.     

Multilingual financial news retrieval and smart recommendation based on big data

In view of the study of finance and economics information, we research on the real-time financial news posted on the authority sites in the world’s major advanced economies. Analyzing the massive financial news of different information sources and language origins, we come up with a basic theory model and its algorithm on financial news, which is capable of intelligent collection, quick access, deduplication, correction and integration with financial news’ backgrounds. Furthermore, we can find out connections between financial news and readers’ interest. So we can achieve a real-time and on-demand financial news feed, as well as provide a theoretical basis and verification of the scientific problems on real-time processing of massive information. Finally, the simulation experiment shows that the multilingual financial news matching technology can give more help to distinguish the similar financial news in different languages than the traditional method.     

Price fluctuation,risk hedge and choice of optimal point

On the question of optimal hedge ratio, this paper firstly draws the chance to choose a market-entering point to the model. Using the replication principle of finance engineering, we make an assumed equity and get the optimal hedge ratio of the model, which gives the theoretical support to the practice. We should not only concern on the market-entering point, but also concern on the period of the hedge that still influences the effect of hedging. But only the period of hedging gives its affection if the time is relatively long.     

Informed trading,heterogeneity investment,liquidity shocks and the valuation of credit default swaps

This paper explores the effect of informed trading, heterogeneity investment and liquidity shocks on the valuation of credit default swaps (CDSs). Under the condition of asymmetric information, the informed trading plays an important role in the valuation of CDS. Instruction order flow has a significant influence on CDS price. And the scope of influence changes in accordance with different time interval, company status and the size of bid-ask spread. Heterogeneity of investors seriously affects the market liquidity and subsequently affects the CDS price. The bigger heterogeneity of the investment philosophy, investment habits, investment preference and so on is the bigger risk for market liquidity, and the higher price for CDS shall be. On the contrary, the conclusion is also consistent. The effectiveness of liquidity, whether it is before or after the financial crisis, dominates the fluctuation of CDS price. The premium of liquidity accounts for 36% to 50% of the CDS price.     

Dynamic response analysis of a multi-column tension-leg-type floating wind turbine under combined wind and wave loading

Floating wind turbines (FWTs) are subjected to combined aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads varying both in time and amplitude. In this study, a multi-column tension-leg-type FWT (i.e., WindStar TLP system) is investigated for its global performance under normal operating conditions and when parked. The selected variables are analysed using a fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic time domain simulation tool FAST. Three different loading scenarios (wind only, wave only and both combined) are examined to identify the dominant load influencing each response. The key response variables are obtained and compared with those for an NREL 5MW baseline wind turbine installed on land. The results should aid the detailed design of the WindStar TLP system.