船舶伺服排缆Lebus滚筒多电机控制的研究

针对船舶伺服排缆Lebus滚筒多电机协同控制易受负载扰动和电机参数摄动影响的问题,本文提出了基于并行控制、相邻耦合控制、耦合误差同步控制的多电机动态协同控制系统,解决驱动电机动态偏差导致的准确性不足的问题;针对系统较强的非线性及不确定性,采用基于最小相关轴处理方法设计系统消除跟踪误差和同步误差控制器,将每一轴电机的跟踪误差和相邻轴电机的同步误差相结合,减少控制器数量。设计了船舶伺服排缆Lebus滚筒3轴协同控制系统,仿真结果表明,该方法具有较强的鲁棒性、动态快速性和同步精度。     

加强我国公共预算监督研究——把政府关进公共预算“笼子”里

公共预算是行政机构的生命之源,对于约束政府收支来说,公共预算就是最好的"笼子"。社会公众、立法机构与行政机构之间是一种委托代理关系,由于存在预算信息的不对称,行政机构的预算行为可能会具有机会主义倾向,从而损害社会公众的利益。要切实将政府装进公共预算"笼子"里,必须构建以立法机构监督为主导,预算部门监督和社会公众监督为辅助的全方位、立体式的预算监督体系。我国应打造涵盖政府全部收支和明细、公开透明且带把大锁的公共预算"笼子",预算改革可以作为我国行政管理体制改革乃至政治民主法治改革的一个突破口。     

汽车可靠性分析概述

汽车可靠性涉及汽车设计、试验、制造、运输、贮存、使用及车辆维护等内容,是汽车产品性能的重要指标之一。汽车可靠性分析在可靠性研究中扮演着重要角色[1],在此基础上,文章首先梳理了国内外汽车的可靠性发展历程;其次,对不同的可靠性分析方法进行了介绍;然后,对汽车可靠性设计进行了简要说明;最后,文章对我国汽车可靠性现状进行了总结与展望。     

Spectral and time‐frequency analyses of freeway traffic flow

This paper uses spectral and time‐frequency analyses to treat three macroscopic traffic characteristics, namely, time mean speed, volume and occupancy as stochastic processes. Spectral and time‐frequency analyses are performed to characterize power spectral density (PSD), cross‐PSD, autocorrelation and cross‐correlation of these characteristics using TransGuide traffic data collected from four different freeways. It is found that low‐frequency components dominate the PSDs of speed, volume and occupancy at all times. The magnitude of PSDs decreases dramatically as frequency increases and remains almost at a constant level in high‐frequency regimes. A power law is found to exist, which describes the relationship between the frequency and the PSD of traffic characteristics. It is also found that speed can be properly modeled by a narrowband low‐pass stochastic process in a low‐frequency regime and by a nonzero mean white noise in a high‐frequency regime. Strong periodicities and synchronization are both shown in traffic flow. A variety of frequencies can be excited by congestion, and there is no dominant frequency found in stop‐and‐go traffic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Vehicle stability control based on driver’s emergency alignment intention recognition

In this work, the reference model modification strategy for vehicle stability control based on driver's intention recognition under emergent obstacle avoidance situation was proposed. First the conflicts between the driver's emergency alignment (EA) intention and vehicle response characteristics were analyzed in critical emergent obstacle avoidance situation. Second combining steering wheel angle and its speed, the driver's EA intention was recognized. The reference model modification strategy based on steering operation index (SOI) was presented. Then a LQR model following controller with tire cornering stiffness adaption was used to generate direct yaw moment for tracking modified reference yaw rate and reference sideslip angle. Finally based on the four-in-wheel-motor-drive (FIWMD) electric vehicles (EV), double lane change and slalom tests were conducted to compare the results using modified reference model with the results using normal reference model. The experimental tests have proved the effectiveness of the reference model modification strategy based on driver's intention recognition.     

造型模板在桥梁建筑景观设计中的研究与运用

以上海市崇明东滩启动区市政道路(一期)工程为背景工程,简要介绍了造型模板在简欧风格桥梁建筑景观中的设计思路、运用要求及工程经济分析,为今后在其它类型桥梁中运用造型模板进行景观设计提供经验。     

我国异形掘进机技术发展、应用及展望

20多年来,我国异形掘进机技术得到长足发展。首先,以异形掘进机领域的阶段性科研项目为主线,回顾我国异形掘进机技术从模仿跟随到同步突破再到创新引领的发展历程及所取得的成就,从异形掘进机全断面开挖技术、异形管片拼装技术、测控技术和施工技术等方面介绍我国异形掘进机技术的发展现状; 然后,通过大量案例分析,分别介绍矩形顶管机、矩形盾构、马蹄形盾构及其特殊施工技术在我国隧道建设中的应用情况; 最后,从地质适应性、施工效率、隧道截面形式等方面指出当前异形掘进机发展的局限性,并提出进一步的研究方向,同时对未来异形掘进机在新领域的应用提出几点思考。     

空爆载荷下舱壁新型加筋结构形式研究

采用非线性瞬态动力学分析软件MSC.Dytran,以某舰船舱壁为研究对象,对其进行单层舱壁结构设计分析。根据结构加筋形式的不同,将舱壁结构分为三角管型舱壁、半圆管型舱壁及方管型舱壁3种。利用MSC.Dytran,对不同舱壁结构形式在空爆载荷作用下的能量吸收、变形和加速度等响应进行数值模拟研究。通过对新型设计的舱壁结构与传统板筋舱壁结构的动态响应分析比较发现,方管型舱壁的抗爆抗冲击效果相对较优。     

厚板冲压噪声的研究和控制

冲压加工过程产生的噪声和振动对人员、模具、设备等产生较大影响,厚板零件冲压的影响更大。本文通过测量厚板冲压各环节的噪声,对上料、冲裁和摞料三个环节对比试验,并重点对冲裁噪声的各种影响因素进行研究,确定出各环节有效减振降噪措施,从工艺分析、模具设计和使用阶段减振降噪提供依据。     

虚拟仪器在汽车滑行试验的应用研究

汽车滑行试验是进行汽车相关性能试验的前提试验,试验数据的精确与否直接影响到车辆相关性能的评价,为了对滑行试验数据进行精确的记录并存储,本文将虚拟仪器应用到试验当中,设计一套试验测试系统,该系统具有简单、有效、易于操作和实施的特点。