路面清扫对地表径流污染控制研究

路面清扫是路面径流污染控制的有效措施。以苏州市某建成区为研究区域,选取不同类型道路广场,开展机械清扫作业、机械清洗作业、人工清扫作业对路面污染物的去除效果,同时与LID等工程措施进行运维成本的经济性对比分析。结果表明,机械化清扫作业和清洗作业后,路面SS污染物浓度可降低40~50%。路面清扫作业运维成本低于源头LID设施,应选择适宜的LID设施与路面清扫等联动实施,提高污染物去除效果的同时降低运维成本。     

A hybrid firefly algorithm for optimizing fractional proportional-integral-derivative controller in ship steering

In this paper, a new algorithm which integrates the powerful firefly algorithm(FA) and the ant colony optimization(ACO) has been used in tracking control of ship steering for optimization of fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative(FOPID) controller gains. Particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is also used to optimize FOPID controllers, and their performances are compared. It is found that FA optimized FOPID controller gives better performance than others. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out to see the robustness of optimum FOPID gains obtained at nominal conditions to wide changes in system parameters, and the optimum FOPID gains need not be reset for wide changes in system parameters.     

Dynamic modeling and active control of a strap-on launch vehicle

Dynamic modeling and active control of a strap-on launch vehicle are studied in this paper. In the dynamic modeling, the double-compatible free-interface modal synthesis method is used to establish dynamic model of the system, and its model precision is compared with those of finite element method(FEM), fixedinterface modal synthesis method and free-interface modal synthesis method. In the active control, the swing angle of rocket motor is used as design variable, and the control law design based on the model of mass center motion is adopted to validate the system. Simulation results indicate that the double-compatible model synthesis method can properly approximate the FEM which is used as the benchmark solution, and the model precision of the double-compatible modal synthesis method is obviously higher than those of the fixed-interface and freeinterface modal synthesis methods. Based on the control law design, the deflection of mass center of the launch vehicle is very small.     

SCLD板模态控制模型及振动控制

为有效抑制薄板在外界激励下的低频振动,对机敏约束层阻尼(SCLD)结构进行了主动振动控制研究.首先,考虑了黏弹性材料随温度与频率变化的阻尼特性,结合GHM阻尼模型建立了耦合系统有限元动力学分析模型;其次,考虑到结构动力学模型自由度庞大,采用物理坐标下自由度动力缩聚和状态方程下复模态截断进行了两次降阶,并通过复模态空间向实模态空间转换,得到了低维实模态控制模型;最后,通过模态实验验证了理论模型,并基于低阶控制模型设计了振动控制器,证明了研究方法的正确性.研究结果表明,采用本文的组合降阶方法可以有效地对SCLD结构进行降阶,对模态控制模型主动控制取得了良好控制效果:在单位阶跃激励下,振动响应衰减时间从0.20 s缩短为0.08 s;在随机白噪声激励作用下,振动响应均方根值降低了39.65%.      

扩散层孔隙率随机分布对燃料电池性能的影响

质子交换膜燃料电池气体扩散层孔隙率分布对燃料电池性能有着重要的影响.本文建立了一个单电池的三维模型,分别考虑了扩散层孔隙率均匀统计分布、正态统计分布、单一统计分布三种情况,并用有限控制体法对模型进行了求解.结果表明,孔隙率单一统计分布扩散层的传质性能最好,且MEA的温度分布最均匀,因此电池性能最好.     

油气弹簧阀片均布载荷变形研究与数学建模

根据节流阀片物理模型以及薄板力学的相关理论,推导阀片受均布载荷作用时挠曲变形量的解析式,并整理得出便于理论分析和工程应用的表达方式.根据自主研发油气弹簧的结构特点,运用实际气体状态方程,建立单气室油气弹簧的数学模型.仿真分析系统弹性力与不同叠加阀片数量下总输出力随位移的变化关系,与试验数据相比较,验证了数学模型的正确性以及节流阀片变形解析式的实用价值,为阻尼阀的精确设计提供了依据.     

Dynamic investigation on composite flexible multi-body system considering thermal effect

The dynamic performance of composite flexible multi-body system under the simultaneous action of thermal fields and driving constraint is analyzed. Based on strain-displacement relation of the Mindlin plate theory which includes transverse shear deformation, and considering thermal effect, variation equations of laminated plate are derived by the principle of virtual work. The finite element method is used for discretization. According to kinematics constraint relation, dynamic equations for spatial slider-crank system are established. Simulation results show that spatial deformation (torsion deformation) appears in the multi-layered composite slider-crank mechanism which is simulated with planar motions. Furthermore, the influence of coupling between thermal expansion and flexible deformations of non-symmetrical composite plates on the large overall motion under the uniform temperature field is investigated. Finally, significant change in constraint force due to the spatial deformation is shown.     

城市公交调度优化模型及算法研究

基于公交线路各站点的客流情况,同时考虑到公交公司的发车能力,建立适合于优化公交调度的数学模型。该发车间隔优化模型兼顾了乘客和公交运营公司的双方利益,将乘客的等待时间转化为乘客付出的广义费用来衡量乘客的利益,以运营公司全天的发车所需费用来衡量公交运营公司的利益,同时,以公交车平均满载率和全天总发车次数作为约束。所得优化结果,既减少了公交公司的运营成本,又节约了乘客的候车时间,能较好地兼顾乘客及运营公司的利益。     

基于HiL实时联合仿真自动变速器控制系统TCU快速开发研究

建立了自动变速器模型,并集成于车辆发动机实时仿真平台Labcar-PT系统,构成了接近于实车的虚拟车辆TCU开发环境.在此基础上利用Bypass技术实现了TCU软件快速开发,并将TCU控制策略应用到实际车辆进行了道路试验.自动变速器模型实时仿真结果和实车测试结果对比表明,二者吻合性较好,基于此快速开发系统开发的TCU控制策略有效.     

汽车用动力锂离子电池发展现状

对汽车用动力锂离子电池材料、电池系统的组成及设计应用进行了介绍,对国内外锂离子电池系统主要供应商进行了综述,同时对目前车用锂离子电池系统还存在的主要问题及解决方法进行了探讨,并对锂离子电池系统在新能源汽车上的应用进行了展望。