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511.
采用旋转压实仪成型试件,根据旋转压实密实度曲线计算压实特性参数,分析混合料类型、公称最大粒径和RAP掺配率对再生沥青混合料压实特性的影响。研究结果表明:SMA再生混合料的K1和CEI高于AC,SMA比起AC更难压实;SMA混合料的TDI较高而K2较低,SMA再生混合料具有更好的抗变形能力;随着公称粒径的增大,K1和CEI逐渐增大、TDI逐渐增大而K2逐渐降低,混合料越难被压实,抗变形能力逐渐提高;RAP掺配率越高,K1和CEI越大、TDI越大而K2越小,再生混合料的可压实性降低而开放交通后抵抗变形的能力增加。 相似文献
512.
The development of behaviourally richer representations of the role of well-established and increasingly important influences on modal choice, such as trip time reliability and accounting for risk attitude and process rules, has moved forward at a fast pace in the context of automobile travel. In the public transport setting, such contributions have, with rare exception, not been considered. In this paper, we discuss and empirically illustrate the merits of advanced modelling developments aimed at improving our understanding of public transport choice, namely the inclusion of reliability in extended expected utility theoretic forms, to recognize risk attitude and perceptual conditioning, the consideration of passenger crowding and its inclusion in linear additive models, and the role of multiple heuristics in representing attribute processing as a way of conditioning modal choice. We illustrate the mechanics of introducing these behaviourally appealing extensions using a modal choice data set collected in Sydney. 相似文献
513.
以UHPC连接预制拼装高架桥墩为研究对象,基于LS DYNA软件对车辆撞击桥墩进行非线性有限元分析.通过UHPC试块轴压试验与落锤试验得到CSCM本构模型;并分析了不同撞击速度下预制拼装桥墩与整体现浇桥墩撞击力、变形发展规律及内力响应的异同;最后通过改变接缝钢筋直径,接缝处摩擦系数及下接缝处UHPC高度等关键参数进一步对预制拼装桥墩耐撞性能进行优化.结果 表明:撞击后预制拼装桥墩的振动周期明显比整体现浇桥墩要短;拼装柱裂缝发展由墩底杯口上端向撞击背面延伸,整体柱则是从墩底延伸;两个桥墩的墩底易出现剪切破坏,被撞击处易发生弯曲破坏,其中拼装柱墩顶可能还会发生弯曲破坏,整浇柱墩顶易出现剪切破坏,拼装柱和整体柱抗撞性能差异不大;此外提高UHPC高度,相较于接缝钢筋直径和接缝处摩擦系数,对拼装柱耐撞性能提升最为明显,桥墩损伤破坏和动力响应也明显下降,可有效提升该桥墩的耐撞性能. 相似文献
514.
车门内板复杂钣金件逆向建模方法探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以某轿车前后车门内板为例,探讨复杂钣金件的逆向设计过程和方法。通过手持式三维激光扫描仪的非接触式测量获取前后车门内板的点云数据。利用Geomagic Studio 12软件进行前期点云处理。基于CATIA V5 R17软件平台的自由曲面、创成式外形设计、数字化外形编辑器、快速曲面重构等模块完成前后车门内板的曲面重构,并进行相应的曲面质量检查。对复杂钣金件的逆向建模流程和方法以及车门内板曲面质量的评价指标进行了相关探索。 相似文献
515.
Valuation of travel time savings is a critical measure in transport infrastructure appraisal, traffic modelling and network performance. It has been recognised for some time that the travel times associated with repeated trips are subject to variation, and hence there is risk embedded in the treatment of expected travel time. In the context of the expected utility framework, we use a nonlinear probability weighting function to accommodate choice made under risk. Although the empirical findings suggest small differences between the value of expected travel time savings (VETTS) in the presence and absence of risk, the mean estimate does make a noticeable difference to time benefits when applied to real projects. By incorporating nonlinear probability weighting, our model reveals that the probabilities associated with specific travel times that are shown to respondents in the choice experiment are transformed, resulting in overweighting of outcomes with low probabilities and underweighting of outcomes with high probabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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N. W. Kim D. H. Lee C. Zheng C. Shin H. Seo S. W. Cha 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2014,15(4):625-635
Optimal control is generally not possible without information about the future coming up, and it is not easy to obtain an optimal solution even though the information is given a priori. In this paper, a control concept based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) is introduced as an efficient solution to generate an optimal control trajectory for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HVEs) when the performance of the vehicles is evaluated on scheduled driving cycles at a simulation level. The main idea of the control concept is to minimize Hamiltonian, which is interpreted as equivalent fuel consumption, and the Hamiltonian is characterized by a co-state, which is interpreted as a weighting factor for the electrical usage. A key aspect of the control problem is that an appropriate initial condition of the co-state is required to satisfy the boundary condition of the problem. In this study, techniques to calculate the Hamiltonian in different hybrid configurations are introduced, and a methodology to look for the initial condition of the co-state is studied, so that the controller is able to realize a desired State Of Charge (SOC) trajectory. To address the issue, we utilize a shooting method with multiple initial conditions based on the concept of the Newton-Raphson method, and all these techniques are realized in a backward looking simulator. The simulation results show that the PMP-based control is a very efficient approach to produce the optimal control trajectory, and the performance is compared to the optimal solution solved by Dynamic Programming (DP). 相似文献
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520.
简述了涂层中性盐雾试验的影响因素及结果评价方法,着重讲述了对变色、生锈、起泡的评价方法。 相似文献