高原环境下船舶主机短时补氧增功效能分析

针对因高原缺氧导致滑行艇动力不足无法起滑的问题,提出一种通过额外补充氧气来短时提高柴油机功率以帮助滑行艇越过阻力峰的方案。在热力学基本公式基础上引入Assanis关于富氧燃烧的热释放关系,提出了一种富氧燃烧的线性近似解方法。再利用AVL fire进行CFD计算,模拟计算缸内燃烧情况。计算结果表明,随着进气氧气浓度的增加,柴油机放热量和缸内压力均有提高,功率也同步提高,从而验证了该方案的可行性,为其实用化进行了基础性探索。     

基于降低汽车前保系统风阻的优化设计

文中介绍了一种解决通常情况下汽车前保系统风阻大的优化创新设计。     

Optimize combustion of compressed natural gas engine by improving in-cylinder flows

In order to solve the problem of slow flame propagation in a spark-ignition engine fueled with compressed natural gas (CNG), the influence of in-cylinder flows on combustion process was investigated in CA6SE3-21E4N CNG-engine by means of numerical simulation and experiment. The status of in-cylinder flows from intake to expansion stroke was described by computational fluid dynamic tool, which revealed that the in-cylinder flows were one of the main reasons of slow burning rate. Therefore, a special-shaped combustion chamber called Cross was used to improve the in-cylinder flows. The results showed that peak turbulent kinetic energy of Cross was 43.9% higher than that of original combustion chamber called Cylinder during the late compression period at 1450 rpm 100% load. The combustion parameters, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and regulated emissions were obtained by means of experiment. At 1450rpm 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load conditions, the ignition delay of Cross was longer than that of Cylinder, moreover, the Cross produced averagely 5.75°CA shorter combustion duration. The BSFC of Cross was on an average of 4.3% reduction at 1450 rpm as well as the HC and CO emissions were reduced whereas the NOx emissions were significantly increased.     

超高韧性水泥基复合材料在隧道二次衬砌中的应用分析

超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)以其良好的延性和多裂缝稳态开展性能,近年来受到工程界的青睐。通过建立模拟隧道空间开挖的二维有限元模型,对由UHTCC和普通混凝土构成的二次衬砌的内力、安全系数以及洞周位移等进行了对比分析,研究了二次衬砌厚度变化对其安全系数和结构稳定性的影响。计算结果表明,二次衬砌结构的安全系数随衬砌截面厚度呈非线性增加,由于UHTCC具有低刚度、高韧性的特点,在同等条件下,UHTCC材料的二衬支护结构的安全系数较普通混凝土材料提高2～3倍。     

拉脊山隧道洞口段施工方法研究

介绍了国内外软弱地层下隧道洞口段的施工方法,根据数值计算,研究了拉脊山隧道洞口段的施工方案,确定了施工方法——CRD法,及拉脊山隧道洞口段的施工工序.现场位移监测数据表明:采用CRD法施工时,拱顶沉降最大位移≯9 cm,保证了施工过程的安全.对比监测值与数值计算值,表明利用CRD法进行施工是恰当的.     

基于FPGA的多目标方位模拟方法

论文介绍了一种采用FPGA技术实现的目标方位模拟方法,可同时模拟六个主动目标在海洋环境中的运动,软件可设定目标的个数、初始位置、声源强度以及背景噪声等参数.利用FPGA高速并行处理能力,借助Altera提供的系统级设计工具DSP Builder,通过插值算法来实现目标方位的设定,实时产生声呐目标回波信号.测试结果表明:该系统方位模拟误差小于0.5°,运行稳定,实时性强.     

AZ31B镁合金电子束焊接接头显微组织及疲劳性能

为了改善镁合金焊接接头的微观组织及其力学性能,采用真空电子束焊接工艺对厚10 mm的AZ31B镁合金板材进行焊接,分析电子束对接接头的显微组织、元素分布和物相组成,检测了电子束对接接头静载拉伸性能和疲劳性能.试验结果表明AZ31B镁合金电子束焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能均得到了改善:焊缝区晶粒明显细化,焊缝区Mg、Zn元素的质量分数分别降低了0.12%和0.28%,Al、Mn元素的质量分数分别增加了0.24%、0.14%,焊缝区为单相α-Mg,无明显的低熔点β-Mg17Al12脆性;焊接接头的抗拉强度为242 MPa,能够达到母材的抗拉强度;在脉动载荷（R=0.1）、2×106循环次数下,其接头的疲劳强度为91 MPa,能达到母材的78.4%.      

列车行车优化操纵的研究

通过采用改进列车行车操纵策略来降低列车运行能耗是一种最简单也最有效的降低能耗的方法,依据目前国内外学者对降低列车能耗提出的列车优化操纵方法的研究,本文提出了一种新的优化操纵方法-由节时模式向节能模式转化.以VC++ 6.0作为开发平台,开发出了能够实现列车运行仿真的列车优化操纵仿真软件,以大准线清水河-王桂窑区段的数据资料进行验证,得出这种方法是正确的和实用的.     

利用声波速度估算岩体不同深度的平均渗透系数

含水层渗透系数具有随岩体深度衰减的特点,对渗流具有重要影响.但受试验方法及试验费用的限制,很难获取渗透系数与岩体深度的定量关系.声波速度测井通常用于间接获取岩石力学参数,且分辨率高,便于统计得到声波速度与深度的关系.以某花岗岩体为例,分析了不同深度纵波速度均值和渗透系数均值的相关性,建立了表征其相互关系的幂次率模型和负指数模型.研究表明,声波速度为获取不同深度的平均渗透系数提供了一种可靠方法.     

Robust adaptive horizontal vibration isolation of towed seismic streamers

The horizontal vibration of towed seismic streamers is a main reason for efficiency reduction of the seismic survey and tail tangling. A vibration suppression scheme of towed seismic streamers is investigated in this paper. The towed seismic streamer is divided into two spans, a controlled span, i.e., the low tension span, and an uncontrolled span, i.e., the high tension span, by a bird. The system model includes a hyperbolic partial differential equation with variable coefficient describing the towed seismic streamers, and an ordinary differential equation describing the dynamic of bird. Robust based-model knowledge and adaptive controllers, based on the Lyapunov method, are designed to isolate the vibration of towed seismic streamers caused by the course deviations of towing vessel, the variations of towing vessel velocity and the variations of towed seismic streamer density. The robust based-model knowledge and adaptive controllers exponentially and asymptotically drive the span-towed seismic streamer displacement to zero, respectively. A finite difference scheme is used to validate the efficiency of the control law. The proposed controller can isolate effectively the disturbance originated from the towed vessel, and can provide the improved damping but not sacrifice the isolation performance. The adaptive scheme can tolerate the lack of knowledge of some uncertain parameters and can directly execute the online adjustment of the parameters. Meanwhile, the proposed control law is robust and can resist the model uncertainty due to parameter incertitude, model error and unknown disturbance and so on. The control law only includes velocity and slope, while it does not need the displacement which is difficult to measure in the practical operations. Thus it is easy to implement.