基于原型轿车结构的概念轿车侧面碰撞仿真分析

建立了包括车身结构、发动机和底盘结构的用于侧面碰撞的原型轿车有限元模型,在其基础上通过加长轴距构建了概念轿车的有限元模型,并对二者进行了侧面碰撞仿真分析。根据分析结果对概念轿车车身结构进行了局部更改,对改进后概念轿车重新进行了侧面碰撞仿真分析。结果表明,车身更改后的概念轿车与原型轿车侧面碰撞结果一致,验证了该概念轿车车身也具有优良的侧面碰撞安全性。     

Effect of operating parameters on diesel/propane dual fuel premixed compression ignition in a diesel engine

In this research, the effects of three operating parameters (Diesel injection timing, propane ratio, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates) in a diesel-propane dual fuel combustion were investigated. The characteristics of dual-fuel combustion were analyzed by engine parameters, such as emission levels (Nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particulate matter (PM)), gross indicated thermal efficiency (GIE) and gross IMEP Coefficient of Variance (CoV). Based on the results, improving operating strategies of the four main operating points were conducted for dual-fuel PCCI combustion with restrictions on the emissions and the maximum pressure rise rate. The NOx emission was restricted to below 0.21 g/kWh in terms of the indicated specific NO_x (ISNO_x), PM was restricted to under 0.2 FSN, and the maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) was restricted to 10 bar/deg. Dual-fuel PCI combustion can be available with low NO_x, PM emission and the maximum pressure rise rate in relatively low load condition. However, exceeding of PM and MPRR regulation was occurred in high load condition, therefore, design of optimal piston shape for early diesel injection and modification of hardware optimizing for dual-fuel combustion should be taken into consideration.     

波纹钢腹板连续刚构桥扭转与畸变的试验研究

设计制作3跨单箱单室变截面波纹钢腹板连续刚构桥和等效的普通混凝土腹板连续刚构桥的模型,通过2个模型桥的扭转与畸变对比试验,从挠度、沿梁高度方向的翘曲应变、箱梁混凝土顶底板的翘曲应力和波纹钢腹板的翘曲剪应力4个方面,分析波纹钢腹板连续刚构桥和普通混凝土腹板连续刚构桥的扭转和畸变特点。结果表明:波纹钢腹板连续刚构桥的抵抗扭转和畸变能力比普通混凝土腹板连续刚构桥弱,但强于波纹钢腹板简支箱梁桥;墩梁固结提高了波纹钢腹板箱梁的整体抗扭能力,且箱梁各截面的抗扭转和畸变能力与该截面距墩顶墩梁结合处的距离有关,距离越近,截面抵抗扭转和畸变的能力越强,反之越弱;计算波纹钢腹板箱梁在偏载作用下的挠度和应力时,要考虑扭转和畸变的影响。     

Optimization of CMOS repeater driven interconnect RC line using genetic algorithm

In this work, optimization of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) repeater driven interconnect resistive-capacitive (RC) line is carried out using genetic algorithm (GA). This work is aimed at powerdelay- product (PDP) minimization of RC interconnect at 180 nm technology node. The algorithm simultaneously optimizes the values of supply voltage, number of repeaters and repeater width for delay and PDP minimization. The accuracy of results obtained is verified by simulations from Cadence virtuoso tool. For delay minimization, comparison of GA results with previous results of the literature shows an improvement of 44.4% in the value of the optimal number of repeaters required. This improvement is obtained by increasing the repeater size, which also increases power dissipation, so a tradeoff has also been achieved in terms of PDP minimization. The comparison of PDP results obtained in this work, with the results at 70, 100, and 130 nm technologies from literature shows improvement in optimal number of repeaters required. The results of algorithm and simulations are in good agreement and demonstrate the validity of proposed algorithm.     

Two-phase evaporative battery thermal management technology for EVs/HEVs

Electric vehicle’s motor draws power from battery to meet its power demand in different road profiles. Battery high discharged currents are causes of warming battery’s cells. The temperature of 40 ºC and above reduces battery life span. The rationale of fuzzy controlled evaporative battery thermal management system (EC-BThMS) development from this study is to control the battery temperature in the range of 20 ~ 40 ºC both in charging/discharging modes. The proposed system has been developed with estimating the total cooling loads and thermal behavior of the battery cells. A fuzzy controlling system has been introduced with the EC-BThMS to control the electro-compressor and the expansion valve based on the response of battery temperature sensors.A battery pack of 8.6 kWh equipped EV has been operated with 60 km/h on 0 % gradient and 40 km/h on 5 % gradient in IIUM campus while 130 km/h on 0 % gradient and 50 km/h on 3.67 % gradient in Malaysia International Formula circuit to study the battery temperature profile and percentage of battery power saving. Comparison has been made on the performance of EC-BThMS with air cooling battery thermal management system (AC-BThMS) by using same vehicle. Result shows that EC-BThMS can save energy 17.69 % more than AC-BThM 1 and 23 % more than AC-BThM 2.     

Decoupled self-tuning PI controller for an idling stop system applied to scooters

This paper is aimed to propose a decoupled self-tuning proportional plus integral (PI) controller with simple law for an idling stop system applied to scooters. An integrated starter generator (ISG) of the idling stop system is designed with a high efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The PMSM used as an ISG must have a high torque characteristic to ensure that the engine can be accelerated up to firing speed. A conventional and useful control algorithm named PI control is unable to handle motor current very well for dynamic load, parametric variation, and external disturbance, especially in a vehicle application. Therefore, a robust algorithm for current control in an ISG is proposed. The decoupled selftuning PI controller based on the Lyapunov stability theorem is utilized to guarantee the control performance. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm. Experimental results show that the engine of a 150 cm3 scooter can be cranked to reach firing speed by a ISG within 0.1?0.2 second. The proposed method is simple, robust, as well as stable for idling stop system, and can be effectively implemented.     

Numerical study of the early injection parameters on wall wetting characteristics of an HCCI diesel engine using early injection strategy

Wall wetting in the early injection period has been proved to be unavoidable in the HCCI (Homogeneous charge compression ignition) diesel engine using early injection strategy, which directly affects in-cylinder fuel-air mixture formation. In this study, the effects of the early injection parameters (injection timing, injection angle and injection pressure) on wall wetting characteristics of an HCCI diesel engine using early injection strategy have been numerically investigated. The variations of maximum wall film mass, evaporated wall film mass and residual wall film mass have been summarized. The concept of MHI (Mixture Homogenous Index) is introduced to evaluate the homogeneity of fuel-air mixture in the wall wetting region. In additions, the effects of the early injection parameters on the HC (Hydrocarbon Compounds) and CO (Carbon Monoxide) emissions have also been discussed. Results showed that in order to decrease the HC and CO emission caused by wall wetting as low as possible, it was better to increase the injection pressure and to advance the injection timing. The most effective method was to narrow the injection angle, In addition, the impingement target should be considered for choosing the injection timing and injection angle, and the impingement target of the piston bowl lip was recommended due to the enhancement of the atomization and the higher surface temperature.     

Model-based fault detection and isolation in automotive yaw moment control system

This paper presents a model-based fault detection and isolation technique for automotive yaw moment control system. For this purpose, a novel fault detection and isolation algorithm for a class of actuator-plant systems is proposed. Compared with the existing fault detection and isolation techniques that can only isolate a target fault or require multiple observers to isolate multiple faults, a unique strength of the proposed algorithm is its ability to isolate faults at the component level solely based on the residuals generated by a single observer. The validity of the proposed algorithm, applied to automotive yaw moment control system, is investigated via a simulation study based on a realistic vehicle dynamics model. The results suggest that the proposed algorithm can isolate the component subject to fault while effectively handling two perennial nuisances: sensitivity to disturbances and false alarms due to uncertainties.     

Helical wire stress analysis of unbonded flexible riser under irregular response

A helical wire is a critical component of an unbonded flexible riser prone to fatigue failure. The helical wire has been the focus of much research work in recent years because of the complex multilayer construction of the flexible riser. The present study establishes an analytical model for the axisymmetric and bending analyses of an unbonded flexible riser. The interlayer contact under axisymmetric loads in this model is modeled by setting radial dummy springs between adjacent layers. The contact pressure is constant during the bending response and applied to determine the slipping friction force per unit helical wire. The model tracks the axial stress around the angular position at each time step to calculate the axial force gradient, then compares the axial force gradient with the slipping friction force to judge the helical wire slipping region, which would be applied to determine the bending stiffness for the next time step. The proposed model is verified against the experimental data in the literature. The bending moment–curvature relationship under irregular response is also qualitatively discussed. The stress at the critical point of the helical wire is investigated based on the model by considering the local flexure. The results indicate that the present model can well simulate the bending stiffness variation during irregular response, which has significant effect on the stress of helical wire.     

预应力混凝土箱型轨道梁温度场分析

预应力混凝土箱型轨道梁桥的温度效应不容忽视,在一定程度上甚至会超过活载作用成为设计的控制因素.论述了预应力混凝土箱型轨道梁桥温度场及其变化规律,分析了环境温度场与结构温度场的关系.运用傅里叶热传导理论和边界条件,建立了预应力混凝土箱型轨道梁结构温度场计算的数值模型.计算结果在某轨道线试验梁中得到了验证.在此基础上,将预应力混凝土箱型轨道梁温度影响的计算简化为温差作用下控制温度荷载的计算问题,提出了简化温度分布模式,对工程设计中合理控制温度效应具有实际参考价值.