测量隧道、管道中的结构性运动：光纤测量应变

预测结构性地表沉降引起的地下结构运动是一件非常重要的任务，特别是牵涉到年久的基础设施时（例如砌筑隧道和管道）。我们对这方面的了解还很有限，例如，隧疏王引爱土体运动时，砖衬隧道将如何变化？现在英国剑桥大学工程部的研究人员提出了一种解决方案。     

Shipping and investment incentives: a trilogy Part 2. Investment incentives for shipping

This paper concentrates on the shipping industry and considers the forms of fiscal and financial incentives which are used by different governments to promote or encourage investment in their shipping industry. The analysis reduces the various packages of investment incentives and loan arrangements to a common measurement—the net present value of the package—and uses this to draw international comparisons and rankings. The results are based on different values of rates of return in the shipping industry and under certain assumptions concerning the rate of inflation and the rate of discount. Differences in loan arrangements have also been incorporated. The particular results are valid only for the specified circumstances but the methodology is generally applicable.     

一种用汽油燃烧系统模拟发动机台架催化剂热老化的方法

采用通用汽车公司的快速老化程序RAT-A，分别在FOCAS燃烧系统及发动机上对催化剂在老化前和老化后的性能进行对比试验。结果表明，FOCAS燃烧系统能够对催化剂进行和发动机类似的老化。与发动机台架试验相比，FOCAS系统有明显的优点，如严格地控制空燃比使其变化幅度很小、空燃比稳定运行的范围宽、活动部件少及易操作等。     

货车轮对的运用可靠性

分析了货车轮对在运用中出现故障的原因,提出了提高轮对使用期限的方法和轮对修复的具体措施。     

Simulation Approach to the Effect of the Ratio Changing Speed of a Metal V-Belt CVT on the Vehicle Response

In regard to the belt and pulley system of a metal V-belt CVT, the characteristics of the ratio changing speed is obtained by experiments. It is summarized in a practical and simple experimental equation. By using this equation a simulation model is developed to analyze the response of a vehicle with a metal V-belt CVT to a rapid pulley ratio change. The simulation results are in reasonable agreements with experimental results.     

俄罗斯铁路的微机联锁系统

简要回顾俄罗斯铁路联锁系统的发展历史，对继电器成本进行了经济有效性比较，介绍俄罗斯铁路微机联锁系统的组成。     

今日莫斯科地铁

[编者按]近10年来,俄罗斯的社会经济发生了根本性变革,这彻底改变了社会以及经济实体间和国家政权及管理机构间的相互关系.在复杂的条件下,所有交通公司,包括莫斯科地铁公司,保证了公共交通正常运行,最主要的是促进了全市社会问题的解决.在此期间.他们不仅成功地保持了现有状态,并找到了与权力机构相互配合的新办法.而且还积极应用现代化技术,促使为乘客服务的安全性、质量和文化水准得到提高.     

Observations on colony formation by the cosmopolitan phytoplankton genus Phaeocystis

Few marine phytoplankton have heteromorphic life cycles and also often dominate the ecosystems in which they occur. The class Prymnesiophyceae contains a notable exception: the genus Phaeocystis includes three species that form gelatinous colonies but also occur within their ranges as solitary cells. Phaeocystis antarctica and P. pouchetii are exclusively high latitude taxa, and are notable for regionally tremendous blooms of the colony stage. P. globosa occurs circumglobally, yet its colony blooms primarily are confined to colder waters within its range. Three additional species are warm water forms that have been reported only as solitary cells or loose aggregations that bear little resemblance to the organized colonies of the other taxa. Interpretation of existing data indicates that resource availability (light, temperature and nutrients) by itself is not sufficient to explain this distinction between cold-water colony-forming taxa and warm water solitary cell taxa, nor why colony development in P. globosa is essentially a spatially restricted phenomenon within a much broader geographic range. Colony development by P. globosa in situ has been observed at temperatures ≥20 °C, but only rarely and generally under conditions of seasonally or anthropogenically elevated nutrient supply. Data presented here demonstrate colony development at 20–22 °C in natural plankton communities from oligotrophic waters that were pre-screened through 63 μm mesh (i.e. lacking mesozooplankton and large microzooplankton), but not in unscreened communities containing microzooplankton and >63 μm zooplankton. Reduction of colony proliferation at higher temperatures by mesozooplankton grazing remains as an intriguing possibility that is consistent with available evidence to help explain differences in latitudinal extent of in situ colony development. These data are interpreted within a theoretical framework regarding the potential advantages and disadvantages of the two life cycle stages.