Roll Dynamics of Commercial Vehicles

An analytical model is developed here for studying the roll dynamics of commercial vehicles. Large displacements and rotations are accounted for in this nonlinear model so that it can be used for the study of roll dynamics well beyond the limits of wheel lift-off. The model is used to illustrate some of the dynamic phenomena in vehicle rollover, especially the interactive coupling between the roll and the vertical modes of motion. The influence of suspension backlash on rollover resistance is demonstrated, and the phenomenon of roll motion resonance is illustrated to suggest new means for evaluating vehicle rollover sensitivity.     

Economic Valuation of Coastal and Marine Resources: Bohol Marine Triangle,Philippines

This article provides results on the net benefits generated from the natural resources in the Bohol Marine Triangle (BMT) in the Philippines. The BMT spans over 112,000 ha and its coastal ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and provide economic opportunities to the coastal communities. With a 10% discount rate, the accumulated total net benefits for the BMT resources over a 10-year period is US$11.54 million. Tourism and the municipal fisheries are the most important direct use values of the coastal and marine resources of the BMT accounting for 44% and 39% of the total net benefits. Annual revenues attributed to ecosystems were as follows: coral reefs, US$1.26 million; beach/intertidal area, US$1.12 million; marine waters, US$646,501; mangrove, US$239,561; and seagrass, US$105,990. The large market values indicate the dependence of the local community on the BMT coastal and marine resources. In the same way, non-market values show the important life-support functions of coastal and marine ecosystems. The net benefits reflect the magnitude of potential losses due to improper management of coastal and marine resources in the BMT. This valuation highlights the importance of the coastal services to the BMT economy and draws attention to the benefits the local stakeholders derive from BMT coastal resources. Policy measures can now take into account these values to justify a sufficient investment in coastal management efforts to sustain the flow of coastal services in the interest of current and future generations.     

Capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence for determination of cloperastine hydrochloride

Objective To investigate the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of cloperustine hydrochloride.Methods ECL intensity of tris (2,2'-bipyridyl) rutheniumo(Ⅱ) was enhanced, the method for the determination of dupernstine hydrochloride was established using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with electrochemilumolinescence (ECL) detection. Results Under the optimum conditions, ECL intensity varied linearly with cloperastine hydrochloride concentration from 7.0×10-6 g/mL to 1.0×10-4 g/mL. The detection limit (S/N=3) was 8.05×10-7g/mL. he relative standard deviation of the ECL intensity and the migration time for 11 consecutive injections of 1.0 ×10-5g/mL cloperastine hydrochloride was 2.9% and 1.5%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to eloperastine hydrochloride tablet determination. Conclusion The method has been established, validated and applied for determination of cloperastine hydrochloride.     

On the application of hydraulic theory to the deep-water flow through the Irbe Strait

A flow-dependent critical-point method for investigating topographically controlled flow in natural channels is applied to the bottom current through the Irbe Strait connecting the Baltic proper and the Gulf of Riga. This approach is based on the functional formalism due to Gill [Gill, A.E., 1977. The hydraulics of rotating-channel flow. J. Fluid Mech., 80, 641–671.], and here is used for the stratified flow structure observed during the IRBEX-95 field campaign. A critical section of the realizable flow regime was found to be located slightly downstream of the most pronounced horizontal constriction of the channel. The predicted baroclinic volume flux 7200 m³ s⁻¹ overestimates the observed mean bottom-water transport by around 30%, a discrepancy which most likely can be explained by the lack of sea level conditions and friction in the model.     

Ballast Water Treatment systems: “Old” and “New” ones

This paper offers an overview of the currently available Ballast Water Treatment systems, their efficacy in reducing the number of organisms in relation with the IMO and other, future standards, and explores potentially new and promising technologies and current gaps.     

Computer Simulation of Thermal-Mechanical Processing

AlterationIntroductionThereisastrongini6ractionamongtemPetalrefield,strCssfield,andmicrosttuctutulaltOrationinm8terialsduringtheirhotworking[l'2].Especiallyduringthecoolingprocess,inwhichtemPeratorechangnsgreatly,intendionsbecomemorecomplexbecauseoftransformationoccurmnce.Duringthehotdeformation,thingswillaPpearsuchas:a.hotdeformation,relatedtostressfieId,changesessentiallytheshaPeofmaterialsandcausesthevariationofthecontactstatebetWeenthedieandsample,resultinginchangeofthethermalboundnyco…     

Towards comfort-optimal trajectory planning and control

ABSTRACT

This paper describes a method to analyse and evaluate different trajectory planning methods and controller types for usage in automated vehicles. Its application is shown by using a novel trajectory planning approach considering comfort aspects (based on Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT)), two different controllers to follow the planned path (cascade controller and flatness based controller) and a simulation method to obtain resulting lateral vehicle accelerations. The method is used to plan and drive a trajectory through a roundabout. It can be seen that the lateral accelerations of the controller-driven vehicle are in the range of the values used for planning. However, the results of both controllers show differences in lateral deviation and in smoothness of lateral accelerations. The simulation results are then compared to real-world test drives in the same roundabout. The measured lateral accelerations are in the same range as well but show a smoother progression than the two controller models.     

Chaotic movement of vortices in superconductors of high-Tc superconducting maglev system at a high speed

Vortex motion in superconductors of higb-Tc superconducting maglev system is studied by a computational simulation.The vortex system is treated in a similar fashion,as a system where defects arc arrang...     

Automation of paratransit reservation,routing, and scheduling

Santa Clara County, California experienced a sharp growth in demand‐responsive paratransit ridership for individuals with disabilities, as a result of the passage of the 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA). This paper describes an automated paratransit system for the ADA‐type paratransit operation implemented in Santa Clara County. It automated paratransit reservation, scheduling, and routing functions. The key components of this system were a digital geographic database (DGD) and an automated trip scheduling system (ATSS). Empirical evidence after one year of operation indicates numerous benefits of this automation. There were significant reductions in the paratransit operating costs and an increase in the percent shared rides. The savings in operating costs far exceeded the annualized capital cost of automation. A user survey indicates that these improvements were achieved without degradation to service quality such as vehicle on‐time performance, invehicle travel times, vehicle response to open return, and ride comfort.