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791.
In many parts of the world coastal waters with anthropogenic eutrophication have experienced a gradual depletion of dissolved silica (DSi) stocks. This could put pressure on spring bloom diatom populations, e.g. by limiting the intensity of blooms or by causing shifts in species composition. In addition, eutrophication driven enhanced diatom growth is responsible for the redistribution of DSi from the water phase to the sediments, and changes in the growth conditions may be reflected in the sediment diatom stratigraphy.To test for changes in diatom communities we have analyzed four sediment cores from the Baltic Sea covering approximately the last 100 years. The sediment cores originate from the western Gulf of Finland, the Kattegat, the Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Riga. Three out of the four cores reveal only minor changes in composition of diatom assemblages, while the Gulf of Riga core contains major changes, occurring after the second World War. This area is set apart from the other Baltic Sea basins by a high frequency of low after spring bloom DSi concentrations (< 2 µmol L− 1) during a relatively well defined time period from 1991–1998. In 1991 to 1993 a rapid decline of DSi spring concentrations and winter stocks (down to 5 µmol L− 1) in the Gulf was preceded by exceptionally intense diatom spring blooms dominated by the heavily silicified species Thalassiosira baltica (1991–1992; up to 5.5 mg ww L− 1). T. baltica has been the principal spring bloom diatom in the Gulf of Riga since records began in 1975. DSi consumption and biomass yield experiments with cultured T. baltica suggest that intense blooms can potentially exhaust the DSi stock of the water column and exceed the annual Si dissolution in the Gulf of Riga. The phytoplankton time series reveals another exceptional T. baltica bloom period in 1981–1983 (up to 8 mg L− 1), which, however, took place before the regular DSi measurements. These periods may be reflected in the conspicuous accumulation of T. baltica frustules in the sediment core corresponding to ca. 1975–1985.  相似文献   
792.
The key features of the western Galician shelf hydrography and dynamics are analyzed on a solid statistical and experimental basis. The results allowed us to gather together information dispersed in previous oceanographic works of the region. Empirical orthogonal functions analysis and a canonical correlation analysis were applied to a high-resolution dataset collected from 47 surveys done on a weekly frequency from May 2001 to May 2002. The main results of these analyses are summarized bellow. Salinity, temperature and the meridional component of the residual current are correlated with the relevant local forcings (the meridional coastal wind component and the continental run-off) and with a remote forcing (the meridional temperature gradient at latitude 37°N). About 80% of the salinity and temperature total variability over the shelf, and 37% of the residual meridional current total variability are explained by two EOFs for each variable. Up to 22% of the temperature total variability and 14% of the residual meridional current total variability is devoted to the set up of cross-shore gradients of the thermohaline properties caused by the wind-induced Ekman transport. Up to 11% and 10%, respectively, is related to the variability of the meridional temperature gradient at the Western Iberian Winter Front. About 30% of the temperature total variability can be explained by the development and erosion of the seasonal thermocline and by the seasonal variability of the thermohaline properties of the central waters. This thermocline presented unexpected low salinity values due to the trapping during spring and summer of the high continental inputs from the River Miño recorded in 2001. The low salinity plumes can be traced on the Galician shelf during almost all the annual cycle; they tend to be extended throughout the entire water column under downwelling conditions and concentrate in the surface layer when upwelling favourable winds blow. Our evidences point to the meridional temperature gradient acting as an important controlling factor of the central waters thermohaline properties and in the development and decay of the Iberian Poleward Current.  相似文献   
793.
An accurate, efficient algorithm for solving free surface flows around ship hulls is described. Accuracy is achieved using a compressive advection discretization which maintains a sharp free surface interface representation without relying on a small time step. Efficiency is obtained using a solution algorithm which implicitly couples velocity, pressure, and volume fractions. The algorithm has been implemented in a computational fluid dynamics code called CFX and is validated by means of a comparisonwith experimental data of benchmark cases in both steady and transient conditions.  相似文献   
794.
This paper discusses current research for development of model-based generic algorithms for design and control of reconfigurable interdependent systems. This work is based on extension of Graph Trace Analysis (GTA), which was originally developed in the 1990s for power distribution system design. Because of GTA's ability to combine and restructure analysis methodologies from a variety of problem domains, it is now being used for integrated power distribution and transmission system design, operations, and control. Over the last few years research has begun to formalize GTA into a multidiscipline approach that uses generic algorithms and a common model-based analysis framework. The paper provides an overview of the concepts used in GTA, and then discusses how GTA and generic algorithms can be used together for design and control of multidiscipline systems. This new approach includes decoupling component and system level equations, using iterators to structure iterative analysis that simplifies coordination of discrete events and also eliminates the need for large matrices, using composition to implement polymorphism and simplify data management, using dependency components to structure analysis across different systems types, and implementation of hot-swappable algorithms.  相似文献   
795.
<正>作为计量研究人员的快乐之一就是:计量学让我们走在科学的最前沿。我们总是试图了解,为什么大自然要限制我们去执行某种测量的能力。这种限制究竟是不可逾越的自然法则抑或是借助更睿智的思想便能攀越的藩篱。显然,这种智力挑战就是开拓新领域的动力。  相似文献   
796.
重点对不同类型逆变器馈电的传动系统的功率损耗和输出电压品质进行了比较,逆变器类型包括采用dv/dt或正弦波滤波器的硬开关逆变器以及谐振或准谐振逆变器.谐振逆变器以ZCS谐振逆变器为代表,准谐振逆变器以直流环节采用高频变压器的ZVS准谐振逆变器为代表,给出了仿真和试验结果.在PSPICE环境下,模型仿真几乎全部使用实物.数字仿真时,采用异步电机和电缆组成的高频模型.实验测量是在现有逆变器实验模型上进行的,此模型专用于检测带有dv/dt(或正弦波)滤波器选件的逆变器功能.测量时使用了LEM Norma D6100功率分析仪和一台基于PC平台的功率分析仪,并采用多功能插件NI-Daq 6024E和在LabVIEW环境下开发的控制软件.  相似文献   
797.
非洲铁路实施特许权转让已经有10多年的历史。加拿大CPCS Transcom公司曾帮助非洲9个国家铁实施了路私有化改造。今天的经验来自历史的教训。  相似文献   
798.
张俊琴 《铁道机车车辆》2012,32(1):89-90,109
对大秦线C80系列运煤专用敞车353130B型轴承在运用和检修中发现的故障进行了统计分析,研究了导致轴承早期失效的原因,并提出了有针对性的改进措施。  相似文献   
799.
针对目前铁路10kV自闭、贯通电力线路发生单相接地故障在判断查找中存在的问题及危害进行了分析,提出了解决问题的办法,文章对新研制的故障判断系统进行了详细的介绍,并进行了大量的现场试验,取得了各种情况下的试验数据,确定了数值范围,取得了较好的效果。  相似文献   
800.
在国内梯形螺纹的加工主要是车削、成套丝锥、拉削加工等方法,Tr22×24/P8专用三头梯形螺纹拉削加工方法是我单位引进高铁加工技术后,通过定制非标专用刀具,在对普通车床进行改造后实现的。  相似文献   
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