观市2011

全球经济机遇与挑战并存 2011年全球经济复苏呈现"双轨"态势.国际货币基金组织(IMP)预测2011年和2012年新兴经济体和发展中国家将保持在6.5%的增长水平,略低于2010年7%的增速,其中增速最快的仍是亚洲发展中国家的中国和印度.2011年和2012年发达国家经济将增长2.5%.     

NOBODY NEEDS A BOAT 作一名感觉销售者

生活对每个人来说都是必需的。作为一个行业，我们没有太多理由认为人们会受诱惑买我们的产品。 的确,一个客户可能会对某船的尺寸和独特设计有兴趣，甚至对它的设计建造最细微的细节都感兴趣；但是从一开始就吸引他的其实是一个简单的感情，那就是这艘船给他的感觉如何。     

单GPS定位导航产品将淡出江湖

随着城市和交通路网建设的发展，以及用户对产品认知的提高，用户开始对GPS导航产品的有效性产生了质疑，根源则是现今绝大部分市场上正在使用的导航产品完全依赖于GPS进行定位，由于技术特性的限制，该类导航产品存在很大的缺陷，这些缺陷导致了频繁的误入歧路或者无法给用户有效指导，甚至用户反映用不如不用的结论。     

仍然梦着

是我爸教我认识加利福尼亚。小时候家里买了一台冰箱,品牌就是California,我爸说,这冰箱是美国产,叫加利福尼亚,美国一个州的名字。     

Waiting profiles: An efficient protocol for enabling distributed planning of container barge rotations along terminals in the port of Rotterdam

We consider the problem of aligning barge rotations with quay schedules of terminals in the port of Rotterdam. Every time a barge visits the port, it has to make a rotation along, on average, eight terminals to load and unload containers. A central solution, e.g., a trusted party that coordinates the activities of all barges and terminals, is not feasible for several reasons. We propose a multi-agent based approach of the problem, since a multi-agent system can mirror to a large extent the way the business network is currently organized and can provide a solution that is acceptable to each of the parties involved. We examine the value of exchanging different levels of information and evaluate the performance by means of simulation. We compare the results with an off-line scheduling algorithm. The results indicate that, in spite of the limited information available, our distributed approach performs quite well when compared to the central approach. In addition, our experiments indicate that an information exchange based on waiting profiles reduces the average tardiness per barge with almost 80% when compared to the situation with no information exchange. We therefore think that waiting profiles provide a promising protocol to tackle this problem.     

导航仪为何是电子狗杀手

目前，针对公路上的“电子眼”，一些车主购买了“反雷达测速器”（俗称电子狗）来对抗，目的是为了避免收到“牛肉干”（罚款单）。但是“电子狗”质量参差不齐，而且价格也不菲，这让车主对“电子狗”又爱又恨。随着国内导航软件技术的进步及导航地图更完整地包含了雷达测速器位置，“电子狗”功能整合在导航系统中已成为现实。导航仪价格的不断下降，     

A two-dimensional response to a tropical storm on the Gulf of Mexico shelf

Surface current data from drifting buoys and remotely sensed wind data recorded over the continental shelf in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico during the passage of tropical storm Josephine in October 1996 are examined. Drifter data show the existence of a strong surface jet (velocities reaching 1 m s⁻¹) that moves up the west Florida shelf and westward along the Louisiana–Texas shelf, and lasts for nearly 1 week. The coastal jet occurs during an intense synoptic scale wind event where wind speeds reach 15 m s⁻¹. A simple force balance and statistical analysis are performed to assess the role of strong wind forcing. The primary balance shows an Ekman-type current. The role of local acceleration is greatest when winds are directed along bathymetry. A simple two-dimensional strongly forced shelf response model developed from the linear steady-state momentum equations also indicates larger along-shore currents due to both Ekman-type forcing by cross-shore winds and a cross-shore pressure gradient arising from conservation of mass. Model parameters fit empirically are within 15% of theoretical values. The simple model explains 30% and 46% of the variance in the observed along-shore and cross-shore surface currents, respectively.     

锋锐设计

新马自达的首席设计师前田育男儿时,便从父亲手上收到了一份礼物——阿梅兰拆信刀。这把由著名的意大利设计师恩佐·马里于1962年推出的拆信刀是用一片不锈钢制成的,刀身中间有所扭曲。几十年后,这把拆信刀成为了马自达全新设计理念魂动的灵感来源。阿梅兰拆信刀设计简单,充满美感,易于使用。我那时意识到,设计就是要做到这几     

When are subsidies to trans-European network projects justified?

The trans-European transport network (TEN-T) encompasses the major planned transport infrastructure in Europe, ranging from high speed rail to port infrastructure. Projects in this category are considered priority projects and receive European subsidies; but these have been insufficient to get these projects off the ground. This paper addresses two research questions. First, it sketches the basic economics of cross-boundary infrastructure projects: what pricing and investment policies can we expect, what is the role of through traffic and high fixed costs of infrastructure? Second, it examines briefly what lessons the EU could draw from the experience of other existing federal funding institutions like the US and Germany. These ideas are used to propose a new subsidy scheme for the TEN-T projects.     

Long-term development of express coach services in Britain

Express coach services compete for longer distance market with car and rail, and largely cater for the leisure, tourism, and visiting friends and relatives. markets. Britain deregulated its express coach system in 1980, and it is now opportune to examine long-term impacts of that change. The initial impacts were reviewed by the authors in 1986 (Robbins & White, 1986) but such impacts do not necessarily match long-term outcomes. Monitoring of the British system has been conducted by examining service changes and data on ridership, together with financial performance of the main operator groups and technical press coverage. It can be shown that a dominant position has been retained by the major operator (National Express), with a continued decline in the role of smaller independent operators in the all-year-round daily network. However, new competition has emerged from other large groups (most notably Stagecoach ‘Megabus’ in 2003). The paper analyses the operating and marketing strategies of the new operator and contrasts these strategies with those adopted in the 1980s. Implications for the future development of the network in Britain are outlined.