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1.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of water transportation company stock returns in the U.S. stock exchanges from 1985 to 1994 in order to determine whether the systematic risk of this industry is different from that of the 'average' company in the market, whether it has changed over the ten year period, over bull and bear market conditions, and whether there is a firm 'size' effect in the industry. In the context of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (Capm), we find that the systematic risk of the shipping industry return is not different from that of the 'average' company. It is also found that the covariance of water transportation companies with respect to the overall stock market return did not change over the ten year period although it appears that it has changed over normal upward/downward market movements. There is also reasonable evidence that the intercept of the equation might have changed over normal upward/downward market movements. Finally, we document contradictory evidence regarding the size effect; during the period 1985-1989 we find small companies to have significantly higher returns and risk while during the period 1990-1994 medium size companies tend to have higher risk than small and large firms, which is not however compensated by higher returns. 相似文献
2.
The Straits of Malacca and Singapore are an important trade route linking the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and Pacific Ocean. They are also rich in resources and support a range of activities that benefit the economies of the littoral states (Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore). This important shipping route is a very congested waterway and the authorities are keen to improve navigation facilities to promote ship safety and reduce the risk of groundings, collisions and accidents. This will also help to protect the marine environment from the effects of pollution and hence reduce its damaging impact on activities related to the Straits, e.g. fisheries and tourism. The Marine Electronic Highway (MEH) is an attempt to bring together maritime safety technologies and environmental management systems. The paper examines the costs of providing such a highway and considers some of the benefits which could accrue from its implementation. The analysis, conducted in the form of a cost-benefit study, clearly shows the economic viability of the scheme. 相似文献
3.
Y. Hattori K. Asano N. Iwama T. Shigematsu 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》1995,24(4):299-311
This report describes a decelerating driver-model expressed by driving mode transition in car-following situations. The assumptions for constructing the model are that decelerating strategy of a driver is classified into several simple driving modes and that a driver changs his driving modes based on his perceptible characteristics and experiential rules. Deceleration action is divided into three states; following, standing and braking, which are applied to the model. The model has two paths for driver's decelerating action, one of which is selected by the driver based on the perceptible characteristics and experiential rules. The suitability of the model has been experimentally verified. 相似文献
4.
N. Docquier P. Fisette H. Jeanmart 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2007,45(6):505-524
This article presents a multidisciplinary approach of railway pneumatic suspension modelling: both multibody and pneumatic aspects are taken into account. The work aims at obtaining a realistic model of the secondary suspension and coupling it with a multibody model of a train. Various components of the pneumatic circuit such as bellows, tanks, pipes and valves are taken into account. The article focuses on the bellow-pipe-tank subsystem for which several modelling approaches are presented and compared. Differences between differential and algebraic models are highlighted, and an application-dependent choice between them is suggested. A complete model of the pneumatic circuit is then obtained and coupled with a multibody model of the train. As a result, the behaviour of a suburban train equipped with a pneumatic secondary suspension is analysed, in particular undesired oscillating motions which affect the comfort. Topological modifications and improvements of the suspension are also investigated and discussed. 相似文献
5.
This paper aims to gain more insight into the implications of information provision to drivers on the performance of road transport networks with recurrent congestion. For this purpose, a simulation program consisting of three components has been written. The first component is the traffic simulation model, the second component is the information provision mechanism, and the third component monitors the behavioural decision-making process of the drivers, which is modelled using a utility-based satisficing principle. Three types of information provision mechanisms will be considered: information based upon own-experience, after-trip information and real-time en route information. The findings in this paper, obtained in a hypothetical context, underline the important relationship betweenoverreaction, thelevel of market penetration and thequality of the information. High quality information allows a high level of market penetration, while low quality information, even when provided at low levels of market penetration, induces overreaction. Furthermore, real-time en route information is in particular beneficial during the process leading to a steady state; it reduces the variance in travel time considerably. The paper concludes with a discussion on the market potential of motorist information systems when commercially marketed. 相似文献
6.
Major highway reconstruction can cause significant disruptions to existing travel patterns and economic activity. Reducing these impacts on travelers, shippers, businesses and residents requires that innovative and effective transportation management actions be developed and implemented. This paper reports the major findings and recommendations of a research study on managing transportation during highway, reconstruction. The primary objectives of the study were
The recommended process consists of five chronological phases, each composed of many tasks having related focuses within the overall process. Each task is designed to contribute to the common objective of seeing that an effective transportation management plan for mitigating travel impacts throughout the project corridor is successfully realized. This process was formulated on the basis of information collected on 25 highway reconstruction projects throughout the United States by way of site visits, direct meetings with project personnel, requests for documentation, and phone interviews. 相似文献
| to investigate and document the critical interrelationships among state-of-the-art reconstruction and scheduling techniques, traffic accommodation strategies, construction quality control measures, and project planning and evaluation processes, and |
| to formulate and recommend a corridor transportation management process that can be used to develop, implement and evaluate a transportation management plan of strategies to mitigate the corridor-wide impacts of major highway reconstruction. |
7.
An interactive modelling approach is developed to solve the practical problem of bus route network design. Possible bus routes are identified with facilities which can be located. Zones or pairs of zones in the urban area are identified with customers who will be allocated to the established facilities. It is shown that the classical Set Covering Problem is useful under the assumption of fixed demand; the Simple Plant Location Problem is effective under the assumption of demand which is sensitive to the level of bus service provided. 相似文献
8.
Claudio Mazzoleni Hans Moosmüller Hampden D. Kuhns Robert E. Keislar Peter W. Barber Djordje Nikolic Nicholas J. Nussbaum John G. Watson 《Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment》2004,9(6):477-496
Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO) emission factors (EFs) are measured with a commercial vehicle emissions remote sensing system (VERSS) during a large-scale vehicle exhaust emissions study in Las Vegas. Particulate matter (PM) EFs are simultaneously measured for individual vehicles with a newly developed PM-VERSS based on ultraviolet backscatter light detection and ranging (Lidar). The effectiveness of CO and HC EFs as proxy for NO and PM EFs for spark-ignition vehicles is evaluated. Poor correlations were found between EFs for pollutants on an individual vehicle basis indicating that high EFs for one or more pollutants cannot be used as a predictor of high EFs for other pollutants. Stronger functional relationships became evident after averaging the EF data in bins based on rank-order of a single pollutant EF. Low overlap between the highest 10% emitters for CO, HC, NO, and PM was found. These results imply that for an effective reduction of the four pollutants, inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs, including clean screening, should measure all four pollutants individually. Fleet average CO and HC concentrations determined by gaseous VERSS were compared with fleet average CO and HC concentrations measured at low-idle and at high-idle during local I/M tests for spark-ignition vehicles. The fleet average CO concentrations measured by I/M tests at either idle were about half of those measured by remote sensing. The fleet average high-idle HC concentration measured by I/M tests was about half of that measured by VERSS while low-idle I/M and VERSS HC average concentrations were in better agreement. For a typical vehicle trip, most of the fuel is burned during non-idle conditions. I/M measurements collected during idling conditions may not be a good indicator of a vehicle’s potential to be a high emitter. VERSS measurements, when the vehicle is under a load, should more effectively identify high emitting vehicles that have a large contribution to the mobile emissions inventory. 相似文献
9.
氢燃料内燃机技术现状与发展展望 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
介绍了氢气及氢燃料内燃机的特点及氢燃料内燃机的技术现状。通过对比分析指出氢燃料内燃机既可以采用清洁可再生能源,又可以充分利用现有的庞大工业体系,是实现氢气经济的现实途径。 相似文献
10.
汽车作为目前人类最常使用的交通工具之一,其智能驾驶技术大部分处在L2~L3“人机共驾”技术的发展阶段,在L5级自动驾驶技术出现之前,“人机共驾”仍然是目前主流的驾驶方式,其各种车载系统和交互方式正在不断完善。多模态交互作为未来设计的发展趋势,必然将与汽车融合产生新的“火花”。对车载系统中多模态交互设计研究包括疲劳状态预警、碰撞预警、车道偏离预警、智能接管提醒、智能泊车等方向进行梳理总结,对车载AI多模态交互设计包括多屏交互、触控交互、手势交互、语音交互、表情交互、眼动交互等自然交互方式进行分析。采用文献研究及案例分析的方式探究如何在基于安全和情感化的背景下使驾驶员的体验更加舒适,展望了汽车多模态交互设计在车载系统中的应用及未来趋势。恰当而良好的交互方式融合将会提高各种车载系统及应用的安全性和驾驶的舒适度。多模态交互的引入必将是汽车发展的趋势。 相似文献