Personal space,evasive movement and pedestrian level of service

This study proposed a behavioral theory‐based approach to better assess pedestrian levels of service for sidewalks, using the concepts of personal space and pedestrian evasive movements. Data from pedestrian interviews and video recordings at 28 commercial, residential, and leisure locations were used to analyze the effects of pedestrian movements on pedestrian perceived levels of service. With these results, a new measure of pedestrian level of service was developed. With the use of a separate validation sample, the revised levels of service obtained were found to be more consistent with the pedestrian perceived levels than the levels prescribed by the Korean Highway Capacity Manual. Hence, this research recommended the use of the revised measures for pedestrian level of service in the design and evaluation of pedestrian facilities. We also found that pedestrian evasive movements on sidewalks could better explain pedestrians' perception of the levels of service for a given facility. Moreover, pedestrian evasive movements were found to be sensitive to the width of the sidewalk and pedestrian volume. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CD_4~( ) EFFECTOR CELLS DEFAULT TO THE TH2 PATHWAY IN INTERFERONγ-DEFICIENT

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Labour relations in the Hong Kong merchant navy

This paper discusses the role of ratings' and officers unions, and that of boarding-house keepers, in relation to the recruitment and supply of seamen for the Hong Kong Merchant Navy     

微观仿真模型的建立及数据分析

在评价由道路系统以及交通量的改变而引起的交通行为特征变化时,交通微观仿真模型正迅速地成为首选的工具。交通微观仿真模型与传统分配模型在建立、产生结果和报告等方面存在某些共性,但也有很多不同之处。从对数据要求的讨论到模型的建立,介绍了应用微观仿真模型的全过程,并探讨了如何使用微观仿真模型对不同设计方案进行评价,进而分析各方案所产生的效果。     

Collision risk assessment for ships

Efficient maritime navigation through dynamic obstructions at close range is still a serious issue faced by mariners. There have been studies focusing on collision risk assessment in the past, but the majority were based on the first person perspective, with area-based ship domain concepts that are defined around either the ownship or the obstacle. Such methods are acceptable for encounters where the ownship is required to manoeuvre according to the collision regulations (COLREGs), but they will not work correctly if the ownship is the stay-on party. This article presents an alternative method of assessing the collision risk for surface ships in close-range encounters that is compliant with the COLREGs as well as other ships from different perspectives.     

Collecting longitudinal data from freight operators: survey design and implementation ideas and challenges

Freight transport research has generally been limited by a lack of data of the breadth and quality available for passenger transport, particularly in terms of behavioural data. This paper discusses the survey design and implementation of a survey intended to collect longitudinal behavioural data on the responses of freight transport firms to environmental policies. The design of the survey is centred around a hypothetical scenario where respondents are asked how they would complete a given freight task within common constraints. One of the key components of the survey design is a dynamic component intended to simulate the changing business environment. The paper illustrates the many challenges in getting complex freight related surveys in the field.