LOW-COST HIGH PERFORMANCE CLUSTER OF WORK-STATIONS BASED ON DYNAMIC LOAD BALANCING FOR PARALLEL DEPTH-FIRST SEARCH(DFS)

IntroductionTraditionally,supercomputers have been builtwith high performance processors,which use tech-niques to execute as many computations concur-rently as possible.This machine employs a numberof arithmetic units,and sufficient hardware to al-low them to be fed with data and instructions attheir peak rate. Supercomputers built as parallelprocessors have also contained special shared mem-ory or message passing hardware as an integralpart of the machines design. This special hard-ware,in co…     

体外预应力高强混凝土两跨连续梁模型试验

为研究预应力和混凝土材料对高强度混凝土体外预应力连续梁的力学行为的影响，设计并完成了4片体外预应力高强度混凝土连续梁模型的静载试验，试验结果表明；体外预应力连续梁的裂缝分布和发展规律与无粘结预应力梁相似，采用钢纤维提高负弯矩区的开裂载荷是有效的，而且利用钢纤维增强可在一定程度上限制裂缝发展并在卸载后使裂缝闭合，普通钢筋对分散裂缝和限制裂缝发展有利。     

Rural school transportation in emerging countries: The Brazilian case

The lack of proper policies for the rural environment, in contrast to the situation in the urban environment in Brazil, has prevented the rural population from benefiting from basic infrastructure and access to their rights as citizens. The poor school transportation conditions are large barriers to access and retention of pupils in schools. These poor conditions, with lack of comfort and high accident risks, result in long travelling hours to reach the school and lessen learning performance because the children arrive in the school tired and sleepy. The Brazilian Federal Government has adopted different programs and actions in order to overcome these difficulties and to improve school conditions in general. A new standard vehicle has been adopted, which will be fit for the harsh road conditions in the rural areas, and handbooks have been introduced to help the municipalities and their officials to plan and to contract school transport services. This paper provides an overview of the outlook for rural school transportation in Brazil, describing the operational conditions (including trip and vehicle conditions) and their users, as well as analysis on the effects on school performance, and also the role of the local and Federal governments.     

Roadway and traffic characteristics for bicycling

The promotion of bicycle transportation includes the provision of suitable infrastructure for cyclists. In order to determine if a road is suitable for bicycling or not, and what improvements need to be made to increase the level of service for bicycles on specific situations, it is important to know how cyclists perceive the characteristics that define the roadway environment. The present paper describes research developed to define which roadway and traffic characteristics are prioritized by users and potential users in the evaluation of quality of roads for bicycling in urban areas of Brazilian medium-sized cities. A focus group discussion identified 14 attributes representing characteristics that describe the quality of roads for bicycling in Brazilian cities. In addition, an attitude survey was applied with individuals to assess their perception on the attributes, along with the importance given to each one of them. The results were analyzed through the Method of Successive Intervals Analysis, which allows the transformation of categorical data into an interval scale. The analysis suggests that both the roadway and traffic characteristics related to segments and those related to intersections are important to the survey respondents. The five most important attributes, in their opinion, are: (1) lane width; (2) motor vehicle speed; (3) visibility at intersections; (4) presence of intersections; and (5) street trees (shading). Therefore, the research suggests that to promote bicycle use in Brazilian medium-sized cities, these attributes must be prioritized.     

Modelling passengers,buses and stops in traffic microsimulation: review and extensions

In the last decade, significant research efforts and technology have been dedicated to the development of microsimulation tools for a better representation of traffic systems. As a result, several commercial packages appeared and they are used nowadays in the detailed modelling of different transportation systems and operations for specific project evaluations and local designs, mostly within the urban context. After reviewing the specialized literature, we realized that most of these microsimulation tools are oriented to the movement of cars, leaving the public transportation systems as a complement, just for a realistic representation of the transportation system as a whole, but always oriented to simulate cars. In this paper, the objective is to provide guidelines on how to incorporate the necessary entities and components for a proper simulation of public transport systems in a microsimulation environment. Thus, the different approaches to simulate transit systems at a microlevel are discussed, highlighting the necessity of including stops, passengers and transit vehicles explicitly as entities within the microsimulation environment, for modelling transfer operations, control strategies, etc. Several examples are then provided to quantify the impact of such representations, for different cases and potential simulation platforms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Outsourcing rural school transportation: A Brazilian handbook for practice at the municipal level

In Brazil, Rural School Transportation (RST) falls under the responsibility of state and municipal governments. However, there are no clear rules to guide the provision of this essential service. RST in Brazil is characterised by inefficient contracting practices, poor service control by school administration, and lack of legal instruments to penalise poor services, thus allowing operators to run services according to their own commercial criteria. In addition, payment is low, leading to the employment of old vehicles, lack of safety equipment, and non-convenient routes, among other aspects. As a result, school children provided with this service are subject to long travel time over large distances, and irregular and late services, coupled with poorly maintained roads. When children finally arrive at school they are tired, which often negatively affects their school performance and attendance, contributing to early school drop-out. In order to contribute to the improvement of school transportation quality, state and municipal authorities must develop the required organisational, planning, and regulatory skills. Accordingly, this article addresses the elements and the structure of a handbook that is being elaborated for local governments.     

水泥粉喷桩质量及其检测方法分析

以水泥粉喷桩静载荷试验，小应变动力检测以及钻芯取样检测资料为依据，对水泥粉喷质量及质量检测方法进行了讨论及分析。     

CLUSTER OF WORKSTATIONS BASED ON DYNAMIC LOAD BALANCING FOR PARALLEL TREE COMPUTATION DEPTH-FIRST-SEARCH

IntroductionWith the advantages of the high- speed net-works,cluster of workstations achieve the samescalable parallelism as the current MPPs( Massive-ly Parallel Processors) .But there are many factorssuch as load imbalance,synchronization and com-munication that inhibit good performance in thesesystems.These issues are central to the develop-ment of many parallel applications. Load balanceproblem is a serious impediment to achieving goodperformance in parallel processing the issue of load…     

A microeconomic interpretation for the system optimal traffic assignment problem with nonadditive path cost

Using a Bergson–Samuelson welfare function, we outline a microeconomic interpretation of the effects of the non-linearity in the time/cost relationship for travellers in a congested transport network. It is demonstrated that a marginal cost traffic flow assignment following Wardrop's second principle, although it minimizes the total cost of a transport network, may reduce social welfare compared to the market equilibrium assignment based on Wardrop's first principle. A welfare-maximizing assignment model is presented and used to show that if the travellers' utility functions are linear, the assignment that maximizes social welfare will be the same as the assignment that minimizes total network cost, but if users' utility functions are non-linear (reflecting the traditional non-satiation and diminishing marginal utility axioms), the two assignments will be different. It is further shown that the effects of this non-linearity are such that a welfare-maximizing assignment will meet with less user resistance than a minimum total network cost assignment.