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611.
There are several important structural design parameters in the analysis of a mat type structure for a jackup mobile offshore drilling unit. These consist of dimensions for the mat, soil foundation types, and structural loads. Methods for determining the proper dimension of the mat structure, modeling the structure and its loading cases, modeling the soil conditions and a method for identifying critical load cases for each element and load case is presented. By using a database approach for the finite element output for all of the various loading cases, a rational approach is presented which solves the problem of sorting and analyzing all of the elements and load cases, ensuring that all are included and none of the critical cases are missed.  相似文献   
612.
This paper presents a heuristic method for designing a PRT network. Because the PRT system operating characteristics and performance measures differ widely from those of conventional transit technologies, an algorithm for the PRT network design problem (NDP) is derived by using concepts from some current NDP algorithms. We minimize the sum of passenger travel time cost, construction cost, vehicle cost and operational costs, subject to an available budget of guideway, a maximum number of vehicles and given link capacities. Starting with a well-connected initial network, the algorithm eliminates and adds links iteratively as it searches for a near-optimal solution. If this solution satisfies the budget constraint, it is considered to be acceptable. Otherwise, additional links are deleted until a feasible near-optimal solution is obtained. The link elimination phase of the algorithm only considers half of the links at a time which greatly decreases computing time. None of the links in an acceptable solution will be overloaded.  相似文献   
613.
Governments may often try to stimulate investment in their own country by altering the climate in which such decisions are made. They achieve this by means of fiscal and financial regimes which may offer investment incentives for particular forms of investment and/or favourable financial arrangements to facilitate the purchase of particular assets. This paper discusses the form which such incentives might take and considers the literature to examine how such incentives have been perceived by businessmen whose actions they are intended to influence.  相似文献   
614.
At the beginning of the 1980s, it seemed that a consensus was emerging among researchers that public transport service levels, fares or quality had a small but possibly important effect on car ownership, and that this should be taken into account for those purposes where car ownership forecasts are used for developing policy on public transport or roads. Somehow, the findings faded away, and had little effect on policy thinking or on analytical techniques. The results of six surveys carried out in South Yorkshire over the period 1972 to 1991, during which there were extreme changes in public transport policy, tend to support a prima facie case for reopening the question. At the household level, car ownership rates are shown to be more volatile than is often assumed, especially in multiple car households. This volatility provides a context within which the quality of public transport provision appears to influence both the level of car ownership and the relationship between changes in the level of car ownership and changes in public transport use.  相似文献   
615.
This paper models traffic congestion formation on highways and roads by recognizing the centrality of dynamical systems and using concepts from complexity theory as imbedded in the spin glasses analogue. Further, it explores the concept of how an increase in air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust emission can be traced to traffic congestion, specifically to the acceleration/deceleration of vehicles on the roads. First, spin glass is introduced and then by applying the two-dimensional xy Ising model and defining a Hamiltonian (based on Edwards-Anderson and Mattis models of spin glass systems) for a system of vehicles on the road, derivations are made of the specific friction of congestion and the bulk modulus of congestion using the Gibbs-Boltzmann statistic. Similarly using the interactions of vehicles with each other and the resulting accelerations and decelerations of vehicles as the basis for exhaust emissions, derivations are made of a specificity of exhaust emissions. These are analogues to the entropy models of thermodynamics. This series of derivations serves as an analytical model for detecting incidents of congestion and increase in air pollution due to exhaust emissions in transportation systems.  相似文献   
616.
The passenger loading problem is defined as that of determining the distribution of passengers that will be carried on each flight in a given market over the course of the day. This problem is stochastic in nature, and must take into account the fact that as some flights become booked up, passengers may spill to adjacent flights, or may choose not to fly on that airline. A precise model of the loading process is developed and solved using an efficient numerical procedure. Several approximations are introduced and tested which further improve the overall efficiency. The model represents a more rigorous solution approach than has appeared previously in the literature, and as such could be used to evaluate simpler approximations. It is fast enough, however, to be used as an interactive schedule evaluation and design tool.  相似文献   
617.
618.
迎接高速公路时代—中国汽车相关技术问题的考察   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
清水武正 《汽车工程》1998,20(4):249-256
中国正迎来高速公路时代,高速公路时代安全行车在技术因素方面涉及车辆的构造,道路设施与运行管理,在人的因素方面涉及驾驶习惯。保养与车检,安全运行的宣传教育与管理等。  相似文献   
619.
Research purposes: At present, the urban subway is developing rapidly in our country, among which there are many problems. This paper takes a seven-story frame structure office building as research object. In view of the phenomenon that the dome subsidence and the land subsidence rate exceed the early warning in the field construction of the left line tunnel, combing theoretical analysis with the MIDAS-GTS numerical simulation, we took the "building-stratum-tunnel" as the research object, analyzed the influence of small distance tunnel construction process of mine method on the adjacent buildings, and analyzed the influence difference of the construction sequence of the left and right lines. Finally we put forward the relevant engineering technical measures. Research conclusions:(1) The tunnel construction makes the building in the tensile zone, and the structure is easy to be damaged. When the structure is far away from the influence of the excavation, the order of tunnel excavation is not significant. (2) When the surrounding rock is broken and close to the building, it is better to excavate the tunnel far away from the side of the building. At the same time, we should pay attention to taking the reinforcement measures near the side of the building and the intermediate rock column. (3) The research results can be applied to the field of shield construction in subway, and have a good guiding effect on the shield tunnel passing through buildings at close distance. © 2018, Editorial Department of Journal of Railway Engineering Society. All right reserved.  相似文献   
620.
汽车部件对污染的敏感性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
污染敏感性分析是实现对整个机械系统污染控制的重要步骤。通过对污染的分析、测试、建模及模拟分析可有助于减少污染物或微小颗粒对机械系统造成的污染,避免因污染而导致的系统故障。对有关汽车机械系统污染的问题进行了分类讨论并进行了相关性分析,对测试及计算机建模方法进行了论述。给出了污染敏感性分析流程,最后通过几个典型实例阐明了污染敏感性分析的意义。  相似文献   
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