基于ABAQUS的港工结构计算模型自动地应力平衡方法研究*

初始地应力场是结构-地基相互作用下有限元分析重要的初始条件，其平衡结果的精度将直接影响结构数值分析结果的准确性。虽然自动地应力平衡法操作步骤最为简单、所得结果最优，但受地基或结构形式、地基土层参数及接触等复杂条件的严重制约，其在实际中的应用非常受限。利用ABAQUS软件，在严格遵守实际地应力平衡时间节点的基础上，采用设置生死单元的方式实现初始地应力平衡前、后地基-结构所在空间单元的置换，建立通用自动地应力平衡方法及步骤，并通过多个典型港工结构模型算例进行验证。结果表明，本文的自动地应力平衡方法及步骤简单、易行，且能够方便有效地实现各种复杂情况下港工结构计算模型的初始地应力平衡。     

PID在汽车防抱死系统中的仿真应用

本文通过数学建模建立了车辆动力学模型、滑移率模型、制动系统模型、轮胎模型、PID控制器等主要模型,然后建立了基于二轮车辆无ABS系统仿真模型、有PID控制器仿真模型,接着分别在高附着系数路面、低附着系数路面和对接路面上进行仿真试验。将三种不同车辆系统的制动时间、制动距离以及车轮是否抱死等性能参数进行对比分析,结果表明无ABS系统的车辆无论在哪种路况下制动,车轮均很快抱死,且制动时间最长,制动距离最大;有PID控制器的车辆可以使车轮滑移率在较短的时间内稳定在最佳滑移率处,避免了车轮抱死,制动距离与制动时间相比无ABS车辆都有明显改善。     

Automatic outer surface extraction of femoral head in CT images

Computer-aided hip surgery planning and implant design applications require accurate segmentation of femoral head and proximal acetabulum. An accurate outer surface extraction of femoral head using marching cubes algorithm remains challenging due to deformed shapes and extremely narrow inter-bone regions. In this paper, we present an automatic and fast approach for segmentation of femoral head and proximal acetabulum which leads to accurate and compact representation of femoral head using marching cubes algorithm. At first, valley-emphasized images are constructed from original images so that valleys stand out in high relief. Otsu’s multiple thresholding technique is applied to seperate the images into bone and non-bone classes. Region growing method and threedimensional (3D) morphological operations are performed to fill holes in the bone. In the reclassification process, the bone regions are further segmented, and the boundaries of the bone regions are further refined based on Bayes decision rule. Finally, marching cubes algorithm is applied to reconstruct a 3D model and extract the outer surface of femoral head and proximal acetabulum. Experimental results show that this method is an accurate segmentation technique for femoral head and proximal acetabulum and it can be applied as a tool in medical practice.     

基于PANDA软件的框架网坐标解算可靠性分析

应用高精度定位解算软件PANDA对框架网进行解算,并与Bernese解进行比较,探讨不同软件模型下框架网的点位坐标解算方法及其精度;通过算例表明PANDA软件的定位解算结果与Bernese的解有较好的一致性,表明PANDA软件有较高的可靠性和稳定性。     

Key technologies of ship remote control system in inland waterways under ship-shore cooperation conditions北大核心CSCD

［Objective ］ To meet the requirements of remotely controlling ship in curved, narrow and crowded inland waterways, this paper proposes an approach that consists of CNN-based algorithms and knowledge based models under ship-shore cooperation conditions. ［Method］On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of ship-shore cooperation, the proposed approach realizes autonomous perception of the environment with visual simulation at the core and navigation decision-making control based on deep reinforcement learning, and finally constructs an artificial intelligence system composed of image deep learning processing, navigation situation cognition, route steady-state control and other functions. Remote control and short-time autonomous navigation of operating ships are realized under inland waterway conditions, and remote control of container ships and ferries is carried out. ［Results］The proposed approach is capable of replacing manual work by remote orders or independent decision-making, as well as realizing independent obstacle avoidance, with a consistent deviation of less than 20 meters. ［Conclusions］The developed prototype system carries out the remote control operation demonstration of the above ship types in such waterways as the Changhu Canal Shenzhou line and the Yangtze River, proving that a complete set of algorithms with a CNN and reinforcement learning at the core can independently extract key navigation information, construct obstacle avoidance and control awareness, and lay the foundation for inland river intelligent navigation systems. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

盾构机穿越排气阀井施工方法

对北京市南水北调南干渠盾构机穿越排气阀井施工方法进行了深度分析,通过优化招标图设计方案,采用在施工完成后的排气阀井内回填碎石+土层的方法,较全面地进行了方案设计,安全、快速完成施工任务。     

Travel time estimation oriented freeway sensor placement problem considering sensor failure

Optimal sensor placement on freeway corridor is of great interest to transportation authorities. However, current traffic sensors are easily subject to various failures. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate sensor failure into the optimal sensor placement model. In this article, a two-stage stochastic model is proposed for the purpose of travel time estimation on freeway corridor. To balance the effectiveness and reliability, a stochastic conditional value at risk (CVaR) model is also proposed. Since both models are too complicated, a customized genetic algorithm is developed. Numerical experiments show that considering sensor failure makes a significant performance improvement in the sensor placement pattern. Sensitivity analysis is also applied to investigate the impact of a number of allowable sensors and different traffic sensor failure probability.     

State estimation in roll dynamics for commercial vehicles

Accurate lateral load transfer estimation plays an important role in improving the performance of the active rollover prevention system equipped in commercial vehicles. This estimation depends on the accurate prediction of roll angles for both the sprung and the unsprung subsystems. This paper proposes a novel computational method for roll-angle estimation in commercial vehicles employing sensors which are already used in a vehicle dynamic control system without additional expensive measurement units. The estimation strategy integrates two blocks. The first block contains a sliding-mode observer which is responsible for calculating the lateral tyre forces, while in the second block, the Kalman filter estimates the roll angles of the sprung mass and those of axles in the truck. The validation is conducted through MATLAB/TruckSim co-simulation. Based on the comparison between the estimated results and the simulation results from TruckSim, it can be concluded that the proposed estimation method has a promising tracking performance with low computational cost and high convergence speed. This approach enables a low-cost solution for the rollover prevention in commercial vehicles.     

行人微观仿真中的运动模型与行为模型——STEPS与NOMAD模型对比

为了解各类行人仿真模型的性能差异和适用范围,以选取适当模型进行交通枢纽行人仿真,对两种典型行人仿真模型进行研究。依据模型对行人行为描述的复杂程度,将行人仿真模型分为运动模型、部分行为模型、行为模型3类,并分别介绍了各自的特点。选取典型的运动模型软件STEPS和行为模型软件NOMAD,详细探讨其采用的数学模型,并通过4个仿真实例对比分析这两种模型的特点。分析结果得出两种模型在宏观与微观层面的异同点以及存在的问题。     

高速公路景观设计初探

就高速公路景观设计进行了探讨.